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The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine logoLink to The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
. 2020 Jun 29;93(2):386–387.

Ten Drugs: How Plants, Powders, and Pills Have Shaped the History of Medicine

Reviewed by: Ermal Bojdani 1
Thomas Hager.  Ten Drugs: How Plants, Powders, and Pills Have Shaped the History of Medicine. 2019. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN: (Hardcover) 978-1419734403. US $26.00. 320 p.
PMCID: PMC7309658

In his introduction, the author presents an astounding estimate of the number of pills an American takes on average, in a lifetime – more than 50,000 – a figure that also includes non-prescription agents. This impresses upon us just how widely chemical compounds are used. The book includes chapters 1-6, an interlude titled “the golden age”, chapters 7-10, and concludes with the epilogue. The drug (or drug class) chosen was included in the book based on the author’s sense of the drug’s historical importance in addition to its entertainment value.

As an example, Chapter 1 describes stories of the “joy plant” or opium poppy, “Papaver somniferum.” A Greek physician in the first century described it, among other things, as a pain-easer and that “for inflammation of the eyes it is used with a roasted egg yok and saffron.” It was sold on Roman streets as unbaked poppy cake and opium was taken to ease depression at all levels of the social ladder. Morphine was the first and most important alkaloid obtained by the purification of opium; its name originated after “Morpheus,” the Greek god of dreams. The story highlights both the benefits and dangers of this scientific discovery and presents the reader with appropriate caution and guidance.

Which drug was initially labeled RP-4560, the “new nervous system modifier (p 145)” that was a bit like a narcotic, hypnotic, sedative, painkiller, anti-vomiting, anesthetic, and had positive effects on mental illness? It was potentially useful to physicians like psychiatrists, surgeons, and obstetricians.

The stories in the book are accessible, memorable, and lively. The pages will fill you with interesting and unique tales and images which will undoubtedly prove useful in any discussion in both your professional and personal settings. To find the answer to what is RP-4560 (hint: chlorpromazine) and take a stab at beating the blues with a good read and entertainment in this era of COVID-19, consider reading this book!


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