Systemic clonidine treatment impairs tactile detection. a-c. Hit rate, CR rate, IS rate, Fraction Correct, RT, decision bias (c) and detection sensitivity (d’) for baseline (black dot, median) and clonidine (red dot, median) sessions. Gray lines indicate individual consecutive two-day, baseline-clonidine pairs. Hit rate, P = 0.016, Signed rank = 28; CR rate, P = 0.031, Signed rank = 1; IS rate, P = 0.031, Signed rank = 27; Frac. Corr., P = 0.016, Signed rank = 28; RT, P = 0.031, Signed rank = 1; c, P = 0.016, Signed rank = 0; d’, P = 0.016, Signed rank = 28. n = 7. d. CR rate vs. Hit rate trajectory showing clonidine reduces motivation (low Hit rate and high CR rate), similar to localized infusion in Fig. 2h. * P < 0.05.