Figure 2.

Impacts of EVs derived from other cell types on adipocytes. Exposure of ATM to stimuli (such as tobacco smoke) can result in the release of EVs with HMGB1 and MMP14 that contribute to IR and expansion of the size and volume of adipocytes. EVs from obese ATM harbor miR-155 and can impair insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis through inhibition of PPARγ gene expression in AT. Endothelial cells stimulated by glucagon can transfer EV-associated cav1 into adipocytes to modulate adipose homeostasis. EVs released from cancer cells can promote WAT browning and lipolysis via activation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.