Table 2. Gait characteristics of each age group and individuals with PD.

Variable	Individuals aged in their 50s (n = 30)	Individuals aged in their 60s (n = 30)	Individuals aged in their 70s (n = 30)	Individuals with PD (n = 26)	F-value (G)	Post-hoc Groups	Effect size (η2)
Walking speed (m/s/height)	0.72 ± 0.13	0.59 ± 0.15	0.58 ± 0.12	0.21 ± 0.12	73.841*	a, b, c, e, f	0.312
Cadence (beats/min)	115.13 ± 9.18	109.73 ± 16.91	114.67 ± 10.73	109.50 ± 20.10	1.251	N/A	0.164
Stride length (m/height)	0.75 ± 0.12	0.67 ± 0.15	0.62 ± 0.13	0.24 ± 0.15	74.519*	b, c, e, f	0.332
Step length (m/height)	0.38 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.07	0.31 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.07	73.618*	b, c, e, f	0.330
Stance phase (%)	61.38 ± 1.26	62.47 ± 2.01	62.66 ± 1.70	62.99 ± 4.72	1.942	N/A	0.254
CV of stride length (%)	1.93 ± 0.93	2.71 ± 1.31	2.72 ± 1.77	5.22 ± 3.15	15.094*	c, e, f	0.253
CV of step length (%)	1.04 ± 0.56	1.65 ± 0.96	1.39 ± 0.81	2.85 ± 1.84	13.283*	c, e, f	0.248
CV of stance phase (%)	2.63 ± 1.29	3.73 ± 1.84	3.68 ± 2.40	8.03 ± 4.77	19.725*	c, e, f	0.255
GA (%)	2.11 ± 2.06	2.79 ± 2.04	2.85 ± 2.48	6.07 ± 4.68	9.817*	c, e, f	0.209
PCI (%)	4.09 ± 2.17	4.56 ± 2.97	5.31 ± 3.12	12.24 ± 6.26	29.239*	c, e, f	0.271

Notes:

^*A main effect for groups.

Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. Results of post hoc: (a) significance between individuals in their 50s and 60s; (b) significance between individuals in their 50s and 70s; (c) significance between individuals in their 50 s and individuals with PD; (d) significance between individuals in their 60s and 70s; (e) significance between individuals in their 60s and individuals with PD; and (f) significance between individuals in their 70s and individuals with PD. G, main effect for the group; PD, Parkinson’s disease; GA, gait asymmetry; PCI, phase coordination index; CV, coefficient of variation. η², sum of squares between groups/total of squares; N/A, not applicable.