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. 2020 Jun 26;8:e54748. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e54748

A checklist of the marine Anthuroidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida) from the reefs of Peninsular Malaysia, with some new distributional data

Melvin Chew 1, Azman Abdul Rahim 1,2,✉
PMCID: PMC7334246  PMID: 32675937

Abstract

Background

An up-to-date checklist of the Peninsular Malaysian marine Anthuroidea is presented, based on previous taxonomic or ecological literature and recent collections. The present study, a part of the subproject on the Biodiversity of Sultan Iskandar Marine Park, recognised 24 species in 12 genera and 5 families from Peninsular Malaysia. An extensive list of bibliographical references, detailed information on habitat and distributional records, museum locations of type material are provided for each species. Amongst the listed species, 11 are recently discovered Malaysian species belonging to the genera Amakusanthura Nunomura, 1977, Apanthura Stebbing, 1900, Expanathura Wägele, 1981, Leptanthura G. O. Sars, 1897, Kupellonura Barnard, 1925, Pendanthura Menzies & Glynn, 1968 and Tinggianthura Chew, Rahim & bin Haji Ross, 2014. Our records were limited to shallow subtidal reefs of peninsular Malaysian coast, suggesting that the number of species in the list may rise with an extensive survey.

New information

The up-to-date checklist of marine Anthuroidea of the Peninsular Malaysia comprises 24 species in 12 genera and 5 families, including some new distributional data.

Introduction

Tropical reefs are known to support enormous biodiversity and portray a high priority for conservation action amongst marine ecosystems (Roberts 2002). A faunal inventory of our planet remains an urgent task. A basic taxonomic knowledge is necessary for bio-evolutionary studies, as well as for understanding biogeography. The Isopoda is one of the most successful and rapidly evolving malacostracan orders, displaying a tremendous diversity in marine, terrestrial and continental waters. Although isopods have colonised almost every niche and are the most important group in terms of specific diversity, they have been largely ignored in studies dealing with conservation strategies. According to Wilson (2007), the isopods contain over 10,300 species that are primarily marine, but they can also be found in brackish water and freshwater environments. In addition, more than 3,600 terrestrial species of isopods are known (Schmalfuss 2003). Isopods play an important role in marine food chains due to their scavenging nature in benthic communities Keable (2006). Placed strategically within the Sundaland region of biodiversity hotspot and the coral Indo-Malaysian triangle (Hoeksema 2007, Myers et al. 2000), Malaysia is expected to hold a high diversity of isopods, particularly the anthuroids. The aim of this work is to update the knowledge the anthuroids inhabiting the shallow water reef of the Malaysian Peninsular (MP).

Materials and methods

The material collected was obtained from both west and east coasts of the Peninsular Malaysia. The following collection localities were from the west coast of MP: Pulau Langkawi (6°21'56.05"N, 99°40'31.13"E), Pulau Payar (6°03'23.0"N, 100°01'55.0"E), Pulau Pangkor (4°11'22.32"N, 100°32'50.22"E) and Port Dickson (2°24'57.0"N, 101°51'10.3"E). The following collection localities were from the east coast of MP: Pulau Perhentian (5°52'59.48"N, 102°44'31.66"E), Pulau Tioman (2°54'15.44''N, 104°6'1.08''E), Pulau Seri Buat (2°41'13.59"N, 103°55'25.99"E), Pulau Aur (2°28'17.24"N, 104°30'53.14"E), Pulau Dayang (2°28'40.90"N, 104°30'19.12"E) and Pulau Tinggi (2°17'37.96"N, 104°6'1.97"E) (Fig. 1). See Chew et al. (2016) for an explanation of the biological material collection and Chew et al. (2018) for the identification and morphological study procedures. The identification was done using the specialised literature and identification keys from Kensley (1980),Kensley and Poore (1982),Negoescu 1997,Kensley (2001) and Poore and Lew Ton (2002). Only primary synonyms are included for each species under the "Nomenclature" field. The checklist of the marine anthuroids from MP included an updated list of materials, habitat and distribution records. Materials are located in the following museums: Muzium Zoologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKMMZ); Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore (ZRC); Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève (MHNG); Zoologisches Museum Berlin (ZMB); and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN).

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

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Map of collection localities in the Malaysian Peninsular.

Data resources

All Anthuroidea records were cross-checked for their taxonomy in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board 2020).

Checklists

Checklist of marine Anthuroidea known to occur in Peninsular Malaysia

Amakusanthura koonyumae

Bamber, 1997

7AEC1724-0A86-581F-8779-20323CF5582E

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255360

  • Amakusanthura koonyumae : 81–85, figs. 3-5; Bamber 2008: 860–861.

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53'13.71", E104°3'54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: In fine sand to medium sand from around ‘Cerianthus’ at 2 to 3 m depth (Bamber, 1997); amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 15 m depth (present study); eventRemarks: C. Melvin; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1571

Distribution

HONG KONG―Tolo Channel (type locality), Conic Island Cave. MALAYSIA―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2a

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

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Habitus of Anthuroidea (females) of the reefs of Peninsular Malaysia: A. Amakusanthura koonyumae Bamber, 1997; B. Apanthura pariensis Negoescu, 1997; C. Apanthura stocki (Müller, 1991); D. Apanthura tiomanae Müller, 1992; E. Mesanthura asiatica Müller, 1993; F. Mesanthura protei Kensley, 1980; G. Mesanthura quadrata Kensley & Schotte, 2000; H. Expanathura collaris (Kensley, 1979); I. Kupellonura gidgee Poore & Lew Ton, 1988; J. Accalathura barnardi (Nierstrasz, 1941); K. Accalathura borradailei (Stebbing, 1904); L. Leptanthura coralliophila Müller, 1992; M. Paranthura astrolabium Kensley, 1979; N. Paranthura setigera Negoescu, 1997; O. Paranthura seychellensis Kensley & Schotte, 2000. All species are illustrated here for the first time.

Apanthura bruscai

Müller, 1992

90B7893E-BE01-5EAE-A2FF-59F056823BC0

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255383

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Location: island: Pulau Babi Besar; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°50.483', E104°9.566'; Event: habitat: Fringing-reef and reef-flat under coral rocks mainly covered with coralline algae, intertidal (Müller 1992a); Record Level: modified: male, 3.4 mm; datasetID: ZMB 26953

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Babi Besar, east coast Peninsular Malaysia).

Notes

This species record is based on literature only. No specimen was collected during the present study.

Apanthura pariensis

Negoescu, 1997

1717BC2B-3042-50A1-850A-4EC97FD0B98C

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255402

MF680510

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Pangkor; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Perak; verbatimCoordinates: N4°11'22.32", E100°32'50.22"; Event: eventDate: 15 Apr 2014; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1583; (1 male) UKMMZ-1584; (43 females, 2 males) UKMMZ-1585

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Langkawi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Kedah; verbatimCoordinates: N6°21'56.05" E99°40'31.13"; Event: eventDate: 4 Nov 2013; habitat: Intertidal, amongst coral rubble; Record Level: collectionCode: (9 females) UKMMZ-1586

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Langkawi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Kedah; verbatimCoordinates: N6°21'56.05" E99°40'31.13"; Event: eventDate: 8 Mac 2015; habitat: Intertidal, amongst coral rubble; Record Level: collectionCode: (8 females, 2 males) UKMMZ-1587

Distribution

INDONESIA―Pari Island, Java Sea (type locality). MALAYSIA―Perak State: Pulau Pangkor (new record).―Kedah State: Pulau Langkawi (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2b

Apanthura stocki

(Müller, 1991)

6D116825-BF79-58DD-A5B2-6C9FFB7E06AF

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255410

MF680509

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Mentinggi, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°16'21.67", E104°7'18.61"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2013; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female, 1 male) UKMMZ-1576

  2. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 18 Dec 2012; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (3 females, 1 male) UKMMZ-1577

  3. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104°05.616'; Event: eventDate: 18 Apr 2013; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (14 females) UKMMZ-1578

  4. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Pulau Seri Buat; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°41'13.59", E103°55'25.99"; Event: eventDate: 19 Apr 2014; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (1 male) UKMMZ-1579

  5. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 15 Jun 2015; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (4 females) UKMMZ-1580

  6. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Pulau Dayang; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28'40.90", E104°30'19.12"; Event: eventDate: 26 Jul 2016; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (27 females) UKMMZ-1581

  7. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Pulau Aur; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28'17.24", E104°30'53.14"; Event: eventDate: 26 Jul 2016; habitat: Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth, amongst coral rubble (Chew et al. 2018); Record Level: collectionCode: (6 females) UKMMZ-1582

Distribution

SRI LANKA―Indian Ocean (type locality); MALAYSIA―Johor State: Pulau Besar; Pulau Tinggi; Pulau Seri Buat (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2c

Apanthura tiomanae

Müller, 1992

48B4900A-914E-5D55-8559-2B11DD147ABF

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255413

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Melvin; Location: island: Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1572

Distribution

MALAYSIA―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman (type locality).

Notes

Fig. 2d

Cyathura bentotae

Müller, 1991

A1DC35BE-90E0-5F31-897B-C41D039A2F67

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255423

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Event: habitat: Fringing-reef and sabellid reef; dead coral substratum, 1 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (male, 3.4 mm) ZMB 26953; 1 cr (ZMB 26956)

Distribution

SRI LANKA―Indian Ocean (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman.

Notes

This species record is based on literature only. No specimen was collected during the present study.

Mesanthura albolineata

Barnard, 1925

D8243EE3-31A8-5BF4-8F3E-CE91F61E8334

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=258320

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Location: country: Singapore; Event: habitat: Fringing reef, outer reef-flat, reef-margin and upper coral-slope; dead coral substratum, Acropora sp. and Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758).; Record Level: collectionCode: (2 immature adults, 1 manca) ZMB 26938

Distribution

SINGAPORE―(type locality); MALAYSIA―Johor State: Pulau Babi Besar.

Notes

This species record is based on literature only. No specimen was collected during the present study.

Mesanthura asiatica

Müller, 1993

C91FB4BC-D900-5EF9-A294-F49DAD7B2F93

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=258321

  • Mesanthura asiatica : 20–25, figs. 1–25.

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Event: habitat: Fringing reef, outer reef-flat, reef-margin and upper coral-slope; dead coral substratum, Acropora sp. and Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758); Record Level: collectionCode: (female, 4.0 mm) ZMB 26939a.

  2. Type status: Paratype. Record Level: collectionCode: (2 immature adults, 1 preparatory male; 1 manca) ZMB 26939b

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104°6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1588; (1 male) UKMMZ-1589; (6 females, 1 male) UKMMZ-1590

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 16 Jun 2015; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1591

Distribution

MALAYSIA―Johor State: Pulau Babi Besar (type locality); Pulau Tinggi (new record);―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2e

Mesanthura kiliani

Müller, 1993

62D3AD96-641F-5D52-A376-92B6FA074481

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=258340

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Location: island: Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; Event: habitat: Fringing reef, outer reef-flat, reef-margin and upper coral-slope; dead coral substratum, Acropora sp. and Pocillopora damicornis; Record Level: collectionCode: (female, 7.2 mm) ZMB 26940a

  2. Type status: Paratype. Location: island: Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; Event: habitat: Fringing reef, outer reef-flat, reef-margin and upper coral-slope; dead coral substratum, Acropora sp. and Pocillopora damicornis; Record Level: collectionCode: (2 postmancas, 2 mancas) ZMB 26940b.

Distribution

MALAYSIA―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman;―Johor State: Pulau Babi Besar.

Notes

This species record is based on literature only. No specimen was collected during the present study.

Mesanthura protei

Kensley, 1980

A525220C-59DC-51C9-9B6F-BB52C2E29BBC

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=211377

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: institutionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1592; (14 females) UKMMZ-1593

Distribution

MOZAMBIQUE―South of Inhambane (type locality); MADAGASCAR―Abrolhos Islands; THAILAND―Ko-Sichang; KENYA; MALAYSIA―Johor State: Pulau Babi Besar;―Pahang State: Pulau Tioman, (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2f

Mesanthura quadrata

Kensley & Schotte, 2000

68F3E9AF-BF62-5C43-A90F-7D82386902EB

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=211379

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Seri Buat; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°41'13.59", E103°55'25.99"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1594, (3 immature females) UKMMZ-1595

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104°6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 immature female) UKMMZ-1596

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1597

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104°05.616'; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1598

  5. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 13 Oct 2012; habitat: Assoc. artificial substrate unit at 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (29 juveniles) UKMMZ-1599

  6. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104°05.616'; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1560

Distribution

SEYCHELLES―Mahé beach, Mahé Island (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pahang State: Pulau Seri Buat, (new record); Pulau Tioman, (new record);―Johor State: Pulau Tinggi, (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2g

Pendanthura tinggiensis

Chew, bin Abdul Rahim & Mohd Yusof, 2016

08F7B939-508A-539F-9E42-66584690E57C

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=882015

MF680512

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Mentinggi, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°16'21.67", E104° 7'18.61"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1541; (1 male) UKMMZ-1542; (39 females) UKMMZ-1543; (2 males) UKMMZ-1544; (10 females) ZRC 2016.0013; (2 males) ZRC 2016.0014

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'35.08", E104° 6'7.13"; Event: eventDate: 16 Aug 2012; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (63 females, 3 males) UKMMZ-1544

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104° 05.616'; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (10 females) UKMMZ-1545

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kg Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'35.08", E104° 6'7.13"; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (37 females) UKMMZ-1546

  5. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104° 05.616'; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (54 females) UKMMZ-1621

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia)

Pendanthura tiomanensis

Chew, bin Abdul Rahim & Mohd Yusof, 2016

DF907F7D-6A68-5B81-A3B9-B35B00D74847

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=882016

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1547; (3 females) UKMMZ-1549; (2 females) ZRC 2016.0015

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Malaysia)

Tinggianthura alba

Chew, bin Abdul Rahim & bin Haji Ross, 2014

62B3AE2C-BF38-5B25-B68D-2B7A33B78618

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1054956

Materials

  1. Type status: Paratype. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'35.08", E104° 6'7.13"; Event: eventDate: 16 August 2012; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (12 females, 2 males, 1 juvenile) UKMMZ-1481; (12 females, 2 males, 1 juvenile) UKMMZ-1482; (12 females, 2 males, 1 juvenile) UKMMZ-1483

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'35.08", E104° 6'7.13"; Event: eventDate: 18 Dec 2012; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (92 females, 8 males) UKMMZ-1622

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'35.08", E104° 6'7.13"; Event: eventDate: 28 Feb 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (26 females) UKMMZ-1623

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia)

Eisothistos besar

Müller 1992

1C60CB7B-7966-5A03-8094-CC89A0E23536

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255500

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Location: island: Pulau Babi Besar; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°50.483', E104°9.566'; Event: habitat: Fringing reef, outer reef-flat, reef-margin and upper coral-slope; dead coral substratum, Acropora sp. and Pocillopora damicornis; Record Level: collectionCode: (immature adult, 1.7–2.1 mm) MHNG.

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Babi Besar, east coast Peninsular Malaysia)

Notes

This species record is based on literature only. No specimen was collected during the present study.

Eisothistos tiomanensis

Chew, bin Abdul Rahim & binti Mohd Yusof, 2018

E19DF907-90D4-5E2B-BE2F-052703486B5F

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1056465

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53'13.71", E104° 3'54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble. Littoral 0.5 to 15 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 male) UKMMZ-1559

Distribution

Only known from type locality (Pulau Tioman, Malaysia).

Expanathura collaris

(Kensley, 1979)

301CB3BA-E0F8-5CB3-94D1-2A3C59E4CE8D

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=260392

MF680511

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622’, E104° 5.616’; Event: eventDate: 16 May 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1565; (1 Male) UKMMZ-1566; (54 females, 3 males) UKMMZ-1567

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Mentinggi, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°16’21.67", E104° 7’18.61"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2013; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (12 females) UKMMZ-1568

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54’15.44", E104° 6’1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (56 females, 9 males) UKMMZ-1569

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53’13.71", E104°3’54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 15 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (35 females, 2 males) UKMMZ-1570

  5. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pantai Kok, Pulau Langkawi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Kedah; verbatimCoordinates: N6°21’56.05", E99°40’31.13"; Event: habitat: Intertidal coral rubble; Record Level: collectionCode: (14 females, 4 males) UKMMZ-1625

  6. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Bonchek, Pulau Dayang; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28’40.90", E104° 30’19.12"; Event: eventDate: 26 July 2016; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (7 females, 1 male) UKMMZ-1568

Distribution

FIJI (Type locality); COOK ISLAND; MOOREA―Chesterfield and Melish Reefs, Coral Sea; LORD HOWE ISLAND―Tasman Sea; PAPUA NEW GUINEA; AUSTRALIA―Northern Territory, Queensland; MALAYSIA―Pulau Dayang, Pulau Tinggi, (New record); Pulau Tioman, Malaysia (New record); Pulau Langkawi (New record).

Notes

Fig. 2h

Kupellonura gidgee

Poore & Lew Ton, 1988

69F151D3-EB7F-5E87-A197-7ABCEC315E74

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255527

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1602

Distribution

AUSTRALIA―Lizard Island (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pulau Tioman (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2i

Accalathura barnardi

(Nierstrasz, 1941)

E97A59EE-122C-5D8D-B6CC-368918E7A019

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=258455

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1603; (1 male) UKMMZ-1604; (6 females) UKMMZ-1605

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53'13.71", E104° 3'54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 15 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (9 females, 2 males) UKMMZ-1606

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Seri Buat; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°41'13.59", E103° 55'25.99"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (6 females) UKMMZ-1607

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Bonchek, Pulau Dayang; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28'40.90", E104° 30'19.12"; Event: eventDate: 26 July 2016; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (13 females, 2 males) UKMMZ-1608

  5. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Teluk Rha, Pulau Aur; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28'17.24", E104° 30'53.14"; Event: eventDate: 27 July 2016; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female, 1 males) UKMMZ-1609

Distribution

INDONESIA―Solo Strait, Java Sea (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pulau Tioman; Pulau Seri Buat (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2j

Accalathura borradailei

(Stebbing, 1904)

784B7E0C-E030-598C-942E-6D89B075715D

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=258457

MF680508

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104° 6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 28 February 2013; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1610; (1 male) UKMMZ-1611; (35 females, 3 males) UKMMZ-1612

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104° 6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 18 December 2012; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (34 females) UKMMZ-1613

  3. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104°6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1614

  4. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Sebirah Kechil, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°18.622', E104° 05.616'; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2015; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (20 females) UKMMZ-1615

  5. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Bonchel, Pulau Dayang; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°28'40.90", E104° 30'19.12"; Event: eventDate: 26 July 2015; habitat: coral rubble, 0.5 to 3 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (14 females, 1 male) UKMMZ-1616

Distribution

MALDIVES―Fadifolu (type locality); THAILAND; INDIA―Chilka Lake; Kollam; MALAYSIA―Pulau Dayang, Pulau Tinggi (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2k

Leptanthura coralliophila

Müller, 1992

AF83FC82-276E-54E6-A13F-60CB2DAE714A

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255547

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Seri Buat; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°41'13.59", E103°55'25.99"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, intertidal to 7 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1617; (1 female) UKMMZ-1618

Distribution

MALAYSIA―Pulau Babi Besar (type locality); Pulau Seri Buat.

Notes

Fig. 2l

Paranthura astrolabium

Kensley, 1979

5C575653-D82F-5FF2-B70B-B83DF055C22D

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255571

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Batu Malang, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°54'15.44", E104° 6'1.08"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, intertidal to 7 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1619; (18 females 1 male) UKMMZ-1621

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Pulau Seri Buat; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°41'13.59", E103°55'25.99"; Event: eventDate: 19 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, intertidal to 7 m; Record Level: collectionCode: (3 females) UKMMZ-1622

Distribution

FIJI―Great Astrolabe Barrier Reef (type locality); Suva Reef; MALAYSIA―Pulau Tioman, Malaysia; Pulau Seri Buat (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2m

Paranthura setigera

Negoescu, 1997

3282B05D-7D7F-5C46-B4E7-00DDFA5AFFD7

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=255615

Materials

  1. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E 104° 6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 18 December 2012; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1623; (1 male) UKMMZ-1624; (91 females, 7 males) UKMMZ-1625

  2. Type status: Other material. Location: island: Kampung Pasir Panjang, Pulau Tinggi; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Johor; verbatimCoordinates: N2°17'37.96", E104° 6'1.97"; Event: eventDate: 28 Feb 2013; habitat: coral rubble, intertidal; Record Level: collectionCode: (26 females) UKMMZ-1626

Distribution

INDONESIA―Southeast Bali Island, Sanur beach, Bali Island (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pulau Tinggi (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2n

Paranthura seychellensis

Kensley & Schotte, 2000

A15F5BC0-FD4C-5880-BEFB-5FED3C68858D

http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=211339

Materials

  1. Type status: Holotype. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53'13.71", E104° 3'54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 15 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female) UKMMZ-1627; (1 male) UKMMZ-1628; (1 premature female) UKMMZ-1629

  2. Type status: Holotype. Location: island: Labas, Pulau Tioman; country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; verbatimCoordinates: N2°53'13.71", E104° 3'54.65"; Event: eventDate: 18 April 2014; habitat: Amongst coral rubble, littoral 0.5 to 15 m depth; Record Level: collectionCode: (1 female, 4 males) UKMMZ-1630

Distribution

SEYCHELLES―Mahé Beach Mahé Island (type locality); MALAYSIA―Pulau Tioman (new record).

Notes

Fig. 2o

Discussion

Currently five families of the marine Anthuroidea are known from the Malaysian Peninsular, comprising 12 genera and 24 species. Of these, 10 species (Apanthura bruscai, A. tiomanae, Mesanthura asiatica, M. kiliani, Pendanthura tinggiensis, P. tiomanensis, Tinggianthura alba, Eisothistos besar, E. tiomanensis and Leptanthura coralliophila) are recently discovered Malaysian species and they contribute about 1.5% of all known Anthuroidea of the world. Clearly, this number is only a fraction of their true diversity, given that habitats like shallow reefs, seagrasses and mangroves have not received much taxonomic attention. More species are yet to be discovered, especially after exploring inaccessible habitats, revealing of cryptic species using molecular methods and exploring east Malaysian (Sabah and Sarawak) waters. The latter is a region of high known marine biodiversity.

The anthuroids of Peninsular Malaysia are similarly taxonomically represented as the adjacent thoroughly studied Indian Ocean region by Kensley and Schotte (2000). In terms of faunistic composition, both the regions show a high proportion of Anthuridae species with 58.3% in the Malaysian region and 45.8% in the Indian Ocean region. It is followed by a small number of Leptanthuridae (12.5% in Malaysia and 20.8% in the Indian Ocean), Paranthuridae (12.5% in Malaysia and 12.5% in the Indian Ocean), Expanathuridae (12.5% in Malaysia and 8.3% in the Indian Ocean) and Hyssuridae (4.2% in Malaysia and 8.3% in the Indian Ocean). Having highlighted the similarity, a minor but crucial difference was also noticed, particularly on the occurrence of Antheluridae species in the Indian Ocean. According to Kensley (2001), most of the Antheluridae species are restricted to deep-water, cool-temperate or polar regions. Although several species are found to inhabit the warmer and shallower seas, particularly the eight species of Anthomuda Schultz, 1979, they are mostly captured from the Indian Ocean (Poore and Lew Ton 1988). The high species diversity, particularly in the family Anthuridae (17 species), can be attributed to the fact that the family is the largest and most widespread (Chew et al. 2014, Song and Min 2015). Some of its species-rich genera, Apanthura and Mesanthura, are recorded with the highest species diversity amongst the Malaysian anthuroid fauna. On the other hand, there is no record of any Antheluridae species occurring in the Malaysian region, most probably due to the fact that they are rare in the warmer seas (Kensley 2001, Poore and Lew Ton 1988).

Currently, all known Malaysian anthuroids are found to be associated with coral rubble. Other habitats, such as sandy and muddy sediments and algal beds, have not been sampled. Due to the fact that they are very well represented in the high spatial complexity coral rubble (Richmond 2011, Kensley 1998), coral rubble samplings were prioritised in the past works, as well as in the present study. From all coral rubble collections around the world, one generally true characteristic is that the Eisothistos species are rare and, if reported, they have usually been collected from breaking open serpulid tubes (Wägele 1981). Moreover, Amakusanthura koonyumae, a species previously known to inhabit sandy substratum (Bamber 1997, Bamber 2008), is now found to be associated with coral rubble of the Malaysian coral reefs.

Supplementary Material

XML Treatment for Amakusanthura koonyumae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment1.xml (10.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura bruscai
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment2.xml (5.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura pariensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment3.xml (14.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura stocki
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment4.xml (23.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura tiomanae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment5.xml (10.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Cyathura bentotae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment6.xml (5.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura albolineata
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment7.xml (8.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura asiatica
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment8.xml (12.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura kiliani
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment9.xml (6.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura protei
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment10.xml (13.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura quadrata
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment11.xml (17.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Pendanthura tinggiensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment12.xml (11.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Pendanthura tiomanensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment13.xml (5.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tinggianthura alba
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment14.xml (8.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eisothistos besar
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment15.xml (5.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eisothistos tiomanensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment16.xml (5.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Expanathura collaris
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment17.xml (24.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Kupellonura gidgee
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment18.xml (10.2KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Accalathura barnardi
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment19.xml (18.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Accalathura borradailei
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment20.xml (18.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Leptanthura coralliophila
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment21.xml (10.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura astrolabium
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment22.xml (12.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura setigera
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment23.xml (11.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura seychellensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment24.xml (11.4KB, xml)

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the following people for their help: S Bahar and A Abu-Hasan who assisted in the field sampling. Appreciations are also extended to the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, the Sultan Iskandar Marine Park and the Department of Fisheries, Malaysia. This work is part of the Ph.D. Thesis of MC in the Post-Graduation Program in Marine Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Gary Poore (Museum of Victoria) for his valuable comments and Dr. Sameer Kumar Pati (Zoological Survey of India) which helped to improve the manuscript. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education (Malaysia) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB13/UKM/02/3).

Funding Statement

Ministry of Education (Malaysia) under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/WAB13/UKM/02/3).

Author contributions

MC: Sample collection, wrote the manuscript draft and prepared line drawings. ABAR: Conducted sampling trips, provided generic identification, technical expertise, edited the draft, improved the taxonomic concept of the find, wrote the discussion and prepared the manuscript for the publication.

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Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

XML Treatment for Amakusanthura koonyumae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment1.xml (10.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura bruscai
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment2.xml (5.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura pariensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment3.xml (14.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura stocki
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment4.xml (23.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Apanthura tiomanae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment5.xml (10.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Cyathura bentotae
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment6.xml (5.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura albolineata
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment7.xml (8.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura asiatica
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment8.xml (12.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura kiliani
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment9.xml (6.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura protei
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment10.xml (13.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Mesanthura quadrata
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment11.xml (17.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Pendanthura tinggiensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment12.xml (11.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Pendanthura tiomanensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment13.xml (5.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Tinggianthura alba
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment14.xml (8.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eisothistos besar
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment15.xml (5.5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Eisothistos tiomanensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment16.xml (5.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Expanathura collaris
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment17.xml (24.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Kupellonura gidgee
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment18.xml (10.2KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Accalathura barnardi
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment19.xml (18.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Accalathura borradailei
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment20.xml (18.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Leptanthura coralliophila
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment21.xml (10.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura astrolabium
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment22.xml (12.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura setigera
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment23.xml (11.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Paranthura seychellensis
BDJ.8.e54748-treatment24.xml (11.4KB, xml)

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