Correction to: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-60750-8, published online 12 March 2020
The Article contains errors.
In the Results section under the subheading “Identifying differentially expressed language features prior to a hospital visit”
“Dictionary-based: Prior to ED visits, patients less more likely to post about leisure (d = − 0.225), associated words such as ‘family’, ‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’, internet slang (netspeak) (d = − 0.374) words such as ‘:)’, ‘fb’, ‘ya’, ‘ur’, and informal language (d = − 0.345) with words such as ‘u’, ‘lol’, ‘smh’, ‘da’. Patients also use personal pronouns less (d = − 0.345) prior to ED visits compared to random time windows.”
should read:
“Dictionary-based: Prior to ED visits, patients were less likely to post about leisure (d = − 0.225) with words such as ‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’, internet slang (netspeak) (d = − 0.374) such as ‘u’, ‘da’, ‘smh’, and informal language (d = − 0.345) with words such as ‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’.”
In Table 2 under “Categories that decrease in usage before emergency visit”, the row “1st person singular” is a duplication of row “informal speech”.
In Table 2 under “Change in linguistic topics”, the row “even, still, tho, though, yet, blah” is a duplication of the row “kids, child, their, children, mother, father”.
The correct Table 2 appears below as Table 1
Table 1.
Statistical insights on differential language expression prior to an emergency visit*.
Feature | Cohen's d | p value (corrected) | Mean diff-of-diff | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emergency | ||||
Change in Lnguistic Style/Mental Well-being | ||||
Categories that increase in usage before emergency visit | ||||
Anxious | 0.241 | < 0.001 | 0.070 | [0.1, 0.38] |
Depressed | 0.238 | < 0.001 | 0.066 | [0.1, 0.37] |
Arousal (how exciting the post is) | 0.191 | 0.011 | 0.051 | [0.06, 0.33] |
Valence (positive affect) | 0.168 | 0.017 | 0.079 | [0.03, 0.3] |
#posts b/w 9 am–12 pm | 0.160 | 0.020 | 0.016 | [0.02, 0.3] |
#posts b/w 12–3 pm | 0.144 | 0.047 | 0.013 | [0.01, 0.28] |
Categories that decrease in usage before emergency visit | ||||
Netspeak (‘u’, ‘da’, ‘smh’) | − 0.374 | < 0.001 | − 0.01 | [− 0.51, − 0.24] |
Informal Speech (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’) | − 0.345 | < 0.001 | − 0.012 | [− 0.48, − 0.21] |
Leisure (‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’) | − 0.225 | 0.001 | − 0.002 | [− 0.36, − 0.09] |
Change in Linguistic Topics | ||||
Topics that increase in usage before emergency visit | ||||
Hospital, pain, surgery, blood, doctor, nurse | 0.230 | 0.001 | 0.001 | [0.09, 0.37] |
Kids, child, their, children, mother, father | 0.165 | 0.021 | < 0.001 | [0.03,0.3] |
Thankful, very, amazing, most, blessed, wonderful | 0.142 | 0.013 | < 0.001 | [0.01,0.28] |
Topics that decrease in usage before emergency visit | ||||
luv, nite, sum, 2 day, kidz, doin | − 0.315 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.45, − 0.18] |
< 3, tht, lovin, bt, missin, ima | − 0.308 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | [− 0.44, − 0.17] |
nite, fb, bed, gn, sleep, night | − 0.295 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.43, − 0.15] |
jus, bored, crib, house, chilin, hmu | − 0.287 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.42, − 0.14] |
lol, ctfu, funny, too, yo, lmao | − 0.262 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.4, − 0.13] |
*Positive cohen’s d indicates an increase in the given style, while a negative score indicates decrease. Effect sizes of individual linguistic features (diff-of-diff b/w true and null events) for emergency visits. Significance was measured using paired, two-tailed t-test with Benjamini–Hochberg p-correction.
In Table 3 under “Categories that decrease in usage before inpatient visit”, the row “1st person singular (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’)” is a duplication of the row “Informal Speech (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’)”.
In Table 3 under “Change in Linguistic Topics”, the row “even, still, tho, yet, blah, mad” is a duplication of the row “kids, child, their, children, mother, father”.
In Table 3 under “Topics that decrease in usage before inpatient visit”, the row “better, feeling, little, hope, bit, type” is a duplication of the row “lol, ha, ctfu, lmao, funny, haha” and the row “no, what, matter, how, always, end” is a duplication of the row “:), show, crew, awesome, fashion, guys”.
The correct Table 3 appears below as Table 2
Table 2.
Statistical insights on differential language expression prior to an inpatient visit*.
Feature | Cohen's d | p value (corrected) | Mean diff-of-diff | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inpatient visits | ||||
Change in Linguistic Style/ Mental Well-being | ||||
Categories that increase in usage before inpatient visit | ||||
Depressed | 0.306 | 0.001 | 0.089 | [0.09, 0.52] |
Anxious | 0.286 | 0.001 | 0.084 | [0.07, 0.50] |
Family (‘baby’, ‘ma’,‘son’, ‘family’) | 0.306 | 0.001 | 0.003 | [0.09, 0.52] |
Health (‘tired’, ‘pain’, ‘sick’, ‘ill’) | 0.255 | 0.032 | 0.001 | [0.04, 0.48] |
Categories that decrease in usage before inpatient visit | ||||
Informal Speech (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’) | − 0.392 | < 0.001 | − 0.014 | [− 0.61, − 0.17] |
Hear (‘say’, ‘hear’, ‘listen’, ‘heard’) | − 0.365 | 0.003 | − 0.001 | [− 0.58, − 0.15] |
Affiliation (‘we’, ‘our’, ‘friends’) | − 0.361 | 0.001 | − 0.003 | [− 0.58, − 0.14] |
Extraverted | − 0.357 | < 0.001 | − 0.080 | [− 0.57, − 0.14] |
Drives (‘up’, ‘get’, ‘love’, ‘good’) | − 0.354 | < 0.001 | − 0.006 | [− 0.57, − 0.14] |
Netspeak (‘u’, ‘lol’, ‘da’, ‘smh’) | − 0.35 | < 0.001 | − 0.01 | [− 0.57, − 0.13] |
Nonfluencies (‘ugg’, ‘well’, ‘oh’, ‘er’) | − 0.335 | 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.55, − 0.12] |
Leisure (‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’) | − 0.321 | 0.006 | − 0.002 | [− 0.54, − 0.1] |
Reward (‘get’, ‘take’, ‘best’, ‘win’) | − 0.314 | 0.001 | − 0.002 | [− 0.53, − 0.1] |
Affective processes (‘:)’, ‘ugh’, ‘happy’) | − 0.242 | 0.023 | − 0.004 | [− 0.46, − 0.03] |
Positive emotion (‘love’, ‘good’, ‘better’) | − 0.228 | 0.013 | − 0.004 | [− 0.44, − 0.01] |
Swear words (‘a**’, ‘f**k’, ‘hell’, ‘wtf’) | − 0.209 | 0.023 | − 0.002 | [− 0.43, 0.00] |
Change in Linguistic Topics | ||||
Topics that increase in usage before inpatient visit | ||||
Check, yes, doctors, office, waiting, appointment | 0.504 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | [0.29, 0.72] |
Hospital, pain, surgery, blood, meds, nurse | 0.380 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | [0.16, 0.6] |
Baby, mommy, girl, son, boy, daughter | 0.377 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | [0.16, 0.59] |
Days, more, two, weeks, until, couple | 0.301 | 0.014 | 0.001 | [0.08,0.52] |
Kids, child, their, children, mother, father | 0.275 | 0.006 | 0.001 | [0.06,0.49] |
Hurt, head, bad, body, stomach, :(, ugh | 0.267 | 0.026 | 0.001 | [0.05, 0.48] |
Topics that decrease in usage before inpatient visit | ||||
Calling, phone, answer, hear, ooo, talking | − 0.488 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.71, − 0.27] |
Lol, ha, ctfu, lmao, funny, haha | − 0.429 | < 0.001 | − 0.001 | [− 0.65, − 0.21] |
Cool, funny, tho, used, remember, seem | − 0.395 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | [− 0.61, − 0.18] |
:), show, crew, awesome, fashion, guys | − 0.381 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | [− 0.6, − 0.16] |
Wat, tht, juss, imma, luv, sum | − 0.366 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | [− 0.59, − 0.16] |
*Effect sizes of individual linguistic features (diff-of-diff b/w true and null events) for inpatient visits. Significance was measured using paired, two-tailed t-test with Benjamini–Hochberg p-correction.
These corrections do not affect the conclusions of the Article.