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Chinese Journal of Hematology logoLink to Chinese Journal of Hematology
. 2018 Jul;39(7):579–583. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.07.010

miR-223靶向调控SOX11在套细胞淋巴瘤中的预后意义

Prognostic significance of miRNA-223 targeting SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma

Qing Zhang 1, Wentao Zhang 1, Shengsheng Wu 1, Jingjing Yuan 1, Long Tian 1, Yanyan Liu 1, Wenli Zuo 1, Yongping Song 1, Keshu Zhou 1,
Editor: 刘 志红1
PMCID: PMC7342219  PMID: 30122018

Abstract

Objective

To explore the expression and prognostic significance of miR-223 in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and to investigate the possible mechanism.

Methods

Twenty-one newly diagnosed MCL patients with bone marrow involvement were enrolled in the present study, 20 healthy donors as normal control. The expression level of miR-223 and SOX11 mRNA was determined by RQ-PCR. CCK-8 and flow cytometer assays were used to analyze cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of the constructed miR-223 overexpressing MCL cell line, Granta519 cells. SOX11 protein expression level was determined by Western blot. The target gene of miR-223 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay.

Results

①Of the 21 newly diagnosed MCL patients, 15 were male and 6 female, the median age was 58 (37–72) years. The expression level of miR-223 was significantly down regulated in MCL patients compared with that of healthy donors (14.7±10.5 vs 1 244.1±1 935.2, P<0.001). The lower expression of miR-223 was inversely correlated with high-risk mantle international prognostic index (P=0.001), elevated LDH (P=0.001), ECOG score ≥2 (P=0.035). ②Using the median relative expression level of miR-223 as the cutoff value, 21 MCL patients were divided into high-expression group (n=10) and low-expression group (n=11) and found that the high-expression group had a significantly superior OS (median OS: 36 vs 12 months, P=0.021). ③In vitro results showed that compared with the control group, the proliferation of miR-223 overexpressed Granta519 cells was inhibited (the most significant reduction on 96h, P<0.001), manifested by lower proportion of cells in G2/M phase (P<0.001) and increased apoptosis (P<0.001), and the expression level of SOX11 protein in Granta519 cells was significantly lower than that of the control group. ④miR-223 could inhibited the 3′ untranslated region of SOX11, and the expression level of miR-223 was significantly negatively correlated with mRNA level of SOX11 in MCL patients (r=−0.81, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The expression of miR-223 was repressed in MCL and was associated with poor clinical outcomes, which may be probably attributed to its direct targeting SOX11.

Keywords: MicroRNAs, Mantle cell lymphoma, SOX11 transcription factor


miRNA是一类包含21–23个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,其结合靶mRNA的3′非翻译区(UTR)并引发mRNA的降解或翻译抑制[1]。套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)占非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的5%~10%,其重要的临床特征t(11;14)的出现导致细胞周期蛋白D1(CCND1)过表达,从而造成细胞周期紊乱而导致疾病发生[2]。然而,约10%的MCL患者无CCND1过表达[3],而且在转基因小鼠中的研究结果亦表明单独出现t(11;14)不足以导致淋巴瘤发生[4],提示还有其他基因异常参与了MCL的发病。为此我们在前期工作的基础上进行本研究,以探讨miR-223在MCL中的作用。

病例与方法

1.病例:以21例骨髓受累的初治MCL患者为研究对象,所有患者经FISH检测t(11;14)均呈阳性,在治疗前收集相关临床特征指标。在获得患者知情同意后,采集3~5 ml外周血经Ficoll梯度离心获得单个核细胞(MNC),并采用抗CD19磁珠进行分离纯化,作为肿瘤细胞供后期检测使用。所有标本均经流式细胞术检测以保证纯度≥90%。以20例健康正常供者为正常对照。

2.miR-223过表达MCL细胞系的建立:用含hsa-pre-miR-223序列的GFP标记GV208载体转染293T细胞获得病毒颗粒,并感染MCL细胞系Granta519细胞(购自American Type Culture Collection细胞库),流式细胞术分选GFP阳性细胞,获得稳定过表达miR-223的Granta519细胞。

3.RQ-PCR法检测miR-223表达水平:取MCL患者和健康供者分离纯化后保存的MNC,按照miRNA定量检测试剂盒(美国ABI公司产品)说明书进行操作,检测CD19+淋巴细胞miR-223表达水平,以RNU48 miRNA为内参照,采用2−ΔΔCt方法计算miR-223的表达水平。每组设3个复孔以保证其重复性。

4.Western blot法检测SOX11蛋白表达:通过搜索数据库miRanda、Pictar、Targetscan和miRbase,我们发现SOX11的3′-UTR包含与miR-223完全匹配的序列。将MCL患者细胞和细胞系细胞提取物上样于SDS-PAGE胶进行分离,然后电转移至硝酸纤维素膜,50 g/L脱脂牛奶溶液封闭、PBST洗涤3次后,与抗SOX11(英国Abcam公司产品)、抗β-actin抗体(美国Santa Cruz公司产品)4 °C孵育过夜。次日与偶联辣根过氧化物酶的二抗孵育后,进行蛋白条带显影。

5.功能实验:实验分组:①实验组(过表达组):稳定过表达miR-223的Granta519细胞系;②对照组(非过表达组):转载空质粒的Granta519细胞系。采用CCK8法检测细胞增殖(试剂盒为美国Sigma-Aldrich公司产品),以5 000个细胞/孔进行铺板后,在不同的时间段分别收集细胞,检测450 nm处的吸光度(A)值并计算细胞活力。采用流式细胞术Annexin Ⅴ/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期(CantoⅡ流式细胞仪,美国BD公司产品),采用FlowJo软件进行数据分析。每组设3个复孔,实验重复3次。

6.双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-223的靶基因:按照双荧光素酶检测试剂盒(上海吉凯基因化学技术有限公司产品)说明书进行操作。将hsa-miR-223载体和含有SOX11野生型或突变体3′-UTR的GV272-萤光素酶载体共转染293 T细胞,以TRAF6 3′-UTR的萤光素酶载体为阳性对照。采用共转染的海肾萤光素酶报告载体为内对照,以标准化荧光素酶活性。在转染后48 h收获细胞,进行检测。

7.统计学处理:采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。由于临床标本中miR-223表达水平不符合正态分布,故使用非参数检验进行miR-223表达的比较。总生存(OS)时间定义为从诊断到死亡或失访的间隔时间。采用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线,并应用Log-rank检验进行组间比较。功能实验及双荧光素酶报告基因实验均采用Student's t检验进行分析。应用Spearman相关性评估临床标本中miR-223和SOX11的相关性。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

1.miR-223在MCL患者中的表达:21例患者中,男15例,女6例,中位年龄为58(37~72)岁。其中MCL国际预后指数(MIPI)评分中高危组17例,低危组4例。MCL患者组miR-223表达水平较正常对照组明显下调(14.7±10.5对1 244.1±1 935.2,P<0.001)。

2.miR-223在不同临床亚组患者中的表达及预后意义:如表1所示,miR-223低表达与患者MIPI评分高危组(P=0.001)、LDH升高(P=0.001)、美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分≥2分(P=0.035)等高危临床特征相关。

表1. 不同临床亚组套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)患者miR-223表达比较(均数±标准差).

组别 例数 miR-223表达水平 P
MIPI评分 0.001
 低危组(0~3分) 4 26.9±13.9
 中危组(4~5分) 7 18.3±7.1
 高危组(6~11分) 10 7.2±2.9
LDH 0.001
 正常 13 19.9±10.2
 升高 8 6.2±2.2
ECOG评分 0.035
 <2分 14 18.0±10.6
 ≥2分 7 8.0±6.9
WBC 0.085
 <50×109/L 16 16.9±11.0
 ≥50×109/L 5 7.6±4.3

注:MIPI评分:MCL国际预后指数评分;LDH:正常值范围为109~245 U/L;ECOG评分:美国东部肿瘤协作组评分

为了解miR-223表达水平对MCL患者的预后意义,我们以MCL患者组的miR-223中位表达水平(11.5)为阈值,将患者分为miR-223高表达组(10例)和低表达组(11例)进行生存分析,结果显示miR-223高表达组患者的OS时间明显较低表达组延长(36个月对12个月,P=0.021)(图1)。

图1. miR-223表达水平对套细胞淋巴瘤患者总生存的影响.

图1

3.miR-223过表达对MCL细胞增殖和凋亡的影响:结果显示,miR-223过表达的Granta519细胞miR-223表达水平较对照组增高,miR-223过表达后可明显抑制MCL细胞的增殖(在培养96 h时最为明显),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(图2)。miR-223过表达时处于G2/M期的细胞明显减少,进入G0/G1期的细胞增多;miR-223过表达时细胞凋亡比例较对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)(图3)。

图2. miR-223过表达对套细胞淋巴瘤细胞增殖的影响(*P<0.001).

图2

图3. miR-223过表达对套细胞淋巴瘤细胞凋亡的影响(*P<0.05,**P<0.001).

图3

4.miR-223靶基因SOX11的表达:Western blot法检测结果显示,过表达miR-223的Granta519细胞SOX11蛋白表达水平明显低于对照组(图4)。RQ-PCR法检测结果显示,MCL患者的miR-223表达水平和SOX11表达水平呈明显负相关(图5)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,当与miR-223质粒共转染后,SOX11野生型3′-UTR产生的荧光素酶强度明显降低,且其抑制程度与阳性对照靶基因TRAF6相似,相反SOX11突变型3′-UTR的荧光素酶活性则无明显变化(图6)。

图4. Western blot法检测SOX11蛋白的表达.

图4

1:对照组;2:miR-223过表达组

图5. RQ-PCR法检测套细胞淋巴瘤患者的miR-223和SOX11表达水平的相关性.

图5

图6. 双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-223的靶基因SOX11(转染细胞为293 T细胞)(*P<0.05).

图6

讨论

过去几十年中,大量的研究表明miRNA参与多种疾病的发生、发展,可作为相关疾病诊断、预后的生物学指标[5]。作为髓系发育的一个指标,miR-223异常在粒细胞分化及急性髓系白血病中研究较多,尤其是伴t(8;21)的急性白血病,研究发现融合蛋白AML/ETO可引起miR-223的表观遗传沉默,从而影响粒细胞的分化过程,参与白血病的发生[6]。有研究表明miR-223可作为复发性卵巢癌、胃癌、食管鳞状细胞癌的潜在生物学标志[7][9]。除了实体肿瘤,在慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)中亦发现miR-223显著低表达,并与肿瘤负荷相关,更重要的是miR-223与其他指标共同组成的风险分层模型可以很好地区分不同危险度的CLL[10]。结外边缘区淋巴瘤患者的miR-223表达水平上调,并抑制生发中心相关基因LMO227的表达而参与疾病发生[11]

在本研究中我们的数据显示,与正常对照相比,miR-223在MCL患者中表达下调,且具有高危临床特征的患者(如MIPI高危、LDH升高、体能状态差、高白细胞者)miR-223表达水平更低,且低表达预示患者预后不良。但鉴于本研究纳入的病例数偏少,尚需更大样本的研究以进一步证实该结论。我们在MCL细胞系细胞中通过过表达miR-223来探讨其作用机制,结果显示miR-223过表达可降低细胞活力,导致细胞周期阻滞及凋亡增加,该发现提示miR-223可能为MCL的抑癌基因,但具体的作用机制尚需进一步深入研究。Wu等[12]的研究结果显示miR-223在结直肠癌、宫颈癌和肝癌细胞中的过表达可通过上调p21、p27及下调cyclin D1而阻滞细胞生长。我们的体外实验结果与其一致。然而有研究者报道,当胃癌细胞过表达miR-223后,体内外实验均显示细胞凋亡受抑、增殖加速[13]

为了进一步阐明miR-223在MCL中的作用,我们搜索了相关的数据库并发现SOX11可能是miR-223的靶基因。在本研究中,我们首先采用Western blot法,发现过表达miR-223的MCL细胞系细胞其SOX11蛋白表达水平较对照组明显降低;而后双荧光素酶报告基因实验的结果显示,miR-223特异性地与SOX11 3′UTR结合并抑制其转录。在MCL患者标本中,我们也发现miR-223和SOX11 mRNA表达水平存在明显的负相关。证实miR-223直接靶向SOX11,从而为miR-223参与MCL的发病提供了一定的理论依据。

自2008年Ek等[14]首次报道SOX11在MCL中特异性表达后,对该转录因子的研究越来越多。目前普遍认为SOX11在经典的MCL细胞中高表达,且与患者的预后相关;在CCND1阴性患者中亦表达升高[15]。然而结论并不完全一致。Wang等[16]的研究结果显示,当原本应在胞核表达的SOX11在胞质中表达时,该类MCL患者的OS时间较阴性者明显缩短。相反,Nygren等[17]则发现SOX11阴性的MCL患者预后较差,其主要表现为较易出现淋巴细胞增多、LDH升高及p53表达。Kuo等[18]通过Meta分析发现MCL患者中SOX11高表达者较低表达者OS时间延长,特别是在接受高剂量化疗的患者中更为明显。而本研究并没有发现SOX11表达水平与MCL患者预后之间的关系,该结论尚需扩大临床样本以进一步证实。

总之,我们的研究结果显示miR-223在MCL患者中低表达且提示预后不良,初步的实验结果提示miR-223可能通过靶向SOX11而发挥作用,针对miR-223、SOX11的靶向策略可能会为MCL患者提供新的治疗选择。

Funding Statement

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81470336);河南省科技攻关计划项目(201403201)

Fund program: National Natural Science of China (81470336); Project of Scientific and Technological Breakthrough of Henan (201403201)

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