Table 2.
Summary of lipidomics studies in models of cardiovascular disease by mass spectrometry.
| CVD Model | Animal/Cell Species | N Number | Other | Lipid Species | Mass Spectrometry (MS) Technology | Reference | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycolipids | Phospholipids | Sphingolipids | |||||||||||||||
| TG | DG | PC | PE | PI | PS | PG | LysoPL | OxPL | CL | CER | SM | ||||||
| MI and IR Models | |||||||||||||||||
| Starvation/Ischemic | H9c2 | 3 | FFA↕ | ↕ | ↑ | ↕ | ↕ | ↕ | ↕ | ↓ | HPLC-MS/MS | [54] | |||||
| LAD CA Ligation | Rat | 8 | FFA/AC↑ | ↑ | ↑ | - | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | UPLC-QTOF-MS | [55] | ||||
| Ischemic CM | Patient (Serum/Tissue) | 15–64 | ↕ | LC-MS | [56] | ||||||||||||
| LAD CA Ligation | Mice (Serum/Tissue) | 4–20 | ↕ | LC-MS | [56] | ||||||||||||
| LAD CA Ligation | Rat | 5 | ↕ | ↑ | MALDI-MS | [57] | |||||||||||
| LAD CA Ligation | Mice | 6 | UFA/SFA↑ | ↑ | ↑ | MALDI-MSI and LC-MS/MS | [58] | ||||||||||
| IR Injury (15 min) | Rat | 6 | ↓ | ↓ | ESI-MS/MS | [59] | |||||||||||
| LAD CA Ligation | LOX-/- Mice | 37–49 | AC ↕ | ↕PL | ↕ | ↑ | LC-MS/MS | [60] | |||||||||
| Obesity Models | |||||||||||||||||
| HF Diet or HFHS Diet | Rat | 6 | ↑ | LC-MS | [63] | ||||||||||||
| HF Diet | Mice | 10 | ↑ | ↑ | ↕PL | ↑ | ↑ | GC-MS | [64] | ||||||||
| PUFA Diet | Mice | 5 | TC↓/FA↕ | ↑ | ↕ | GC-MS | [65] | ||||||||||
| HF Diet | PGC1β-/-Mice | 5–10 | ↑ | ↕ | ↕ | GC-MS LC-MS | [68] | ||||||||||
| Cardiac Steatosis | DGAT1 Mice | 6–9 | ↑ | ↕ | UPLC-QTOF-MS | [62] | |||||||||||
| Mixed Models | |||||||||||||||||
| SVAS HUFA | Mice | 11–14 | UFA↓/↑SA | ↕ | ↕ | GC-MS | [70] | ||||||||||
| HF Diet/Aging/ LAD CA Ligation | Mice (plasma) | 3–8 | AA ↑ | LC-MS/MS | [71] | ||||||||||||
| HF Diet/LAD CA Ligation | Rat | 8–10 | ↑ | ↓MI | ↓MI | ↕ MI | ↕ | ↕ | UPLC-QTOF-MS | [72] | |||||||
| Diabetic CM Models | |||||||||||||||||
| Streptozotocin Injection | Rat | 6 | ↑ | - | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | - | - | ESI-MS | [76] | |||||
| Streptozotocin Injection | Rat | 4–6 | AC↑ | ESI-MS | [77] | ||||||||||||
| Streptozotocin Injection | Mice | 7 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ESI-MS | [78] | ||||||||||
| Genetic | LepRdb/db Mice | 5–6 | FFA↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ESI-MS | [79] | |||||
| HF Diet and Streptozotocin | Rat | 11–12 | ↕ | ↑ | UPLC-QTOF-MS | [80] | |||||||||||
| Hypertrophy Models | |||||||||||||||||
| TAC | ACL1 Mice | 3–17 | ↓ | ↕ | ESI-MS/MS | [84] | |||||||||||
| Dilated CM Models (SHHF Rats as Validation) | |||||||||||||||||
| IDCM | Patient (Serum) | 8–11 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | UPLC-MS | [10] | ||||||||||
| SHHF/TAB | Rat | 4 | ↕ | LC-ESI-MS | [88] | ||||||||||||
| IDCM | Patient (LV Tissue) | 10–11 | ↕ | LC-ESI-MS | [88] | ||||||||||||
| SSHF | Rat | 4–10 | ↕AA | LC-ESI-MS | [89] | ||||||||||||
| IDCM | Human (LV Tissue) | 8 | ↕AA | LC-ESI-MS | [89] | ||||||||||||
| IDCM | Pediatric (LV Tissue) | 20–44 | ↓ | LC-ESI-MS | [90] | ||||||||||||
| DOX (2mg/kg Weekly 7X) | Rat | 4 | ↕ | ↕ | ↕ | ↕ | LC-MS/MS | [93] | |||||||||
| DOX/HFHS Diet (15 mg/kg CD) | Rat | 6 | ↑ | LC-MS | [63] | ||||||||||||
CVD: Cardiovascular Disease. MI: Myocardial infarction. IR: Reperfusion injury. LAD CA: Left anterior descending coronary artery. HF: High fat. PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid diet. SVAS: supra-valvar aortic stenosis. HUFA: high unsaturated fatty acid diet. TAC: transverse aortic constriction. IDCM: idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. SHHF: Spontaneously hypertensive heart failure. FFA: Free fatty acids. TG: Triglyceride. DG: Diglycerides. PC: Phosphatidylcholine. PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine. PI: Phosphatidylinositol. PS: Phosphatidylserine. PG: Phosphatidylglycerol. LysoPL: Lyso-phospholipids. OxPL: Oxidized phospholipids. CL: Cardiolipin. CER: Ceramides. SM: sphingomyelin. AC: Acylcarnitine. AA: Arachidonic Acid. ↑ increase. ↓ decrease. ↕ increase or decrease depending on FA chain. -: No change. Blank: Not reported.