Table 1.
Cellular stress response protein concentration. Cellular heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1), thioredoxin (Trx), gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein concentrations in podocytes treated with high glucose and carnosine (1 or 10 mM) alone or in combination. The derivatized proteins were separated by SDS/PAGE (see Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4), quantified and normalized to untreated cells.
| Stress Response Proteins | Hsp70 | Sirt-1 | Trx | γ-GCS | HO-1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (25 mM) | 1.51 ± 0.07 a | 1.31 ± 0.07 a | 1.27 ± 0.07 a | 1.42 ± 0.06 a | 1.30 ± 0.06 a |
| Carnosine(1 mM) | 1.65 ± 0.06 a,b | 1.38 ± 0.08 a | 1.24 ± 0.04 a | 1.61 ± 0.06 a,b | 1.57 ± 0.10 a,b |
| Glucose (25 mM) + Carnosine (1 mM) | 1.84 ± 0.06 a,b,c,d | 1.52 ± 0.09 a,b,c,d | 1.35 ± 0.07 a,c,d | 1.90 ± 0.06 a,b,c,d | 1.73 ± 0.10 a,b,c,d |
| Carnosine (10 mM) | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 1.10 ± 0.08 a | 1.19 ± 0.07 a | 0.89 ± 0.08 |
| Glucose (25 mM) + Carnosine (10 mM) | 1.24 ± 0.10 a,e | 1.35 ± 0.08 a | 1.24 ± 0.06 a | 1.34 ± 0.06 a | 1.19 ± 0.09 a,e |
Note: a = increased vs. control, b = increased vs. glucose (25 mM), c = increased vs. 1 mM carnosine, d = increased vs. glucose (25 mM) + carnosine (10 mM), e = decreased vs. glucose (25 mM).