Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual logoLink to Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
letter
. 2020 Jun 29;10(3):e2020057. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1003a57

Dermoscopy of Generalized Eruptive Histiocytosis: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

Danijela Dobrosavljevic 1,2,✉, Jovana Majstorovic 1, Martina Bosic 2,3
PMCID: PMC7346592  PMID: 32685275

Introduction

Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (histiocytoma) (GEH) is a very rare cutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, characterized by recurrent crops of small red to brown papules.

Case Presentation

A 58-year-old woman with an 8-month history of hundreds of symmetric yellow-brown flat-topped papules (Figure 1, A and B) came for dermatologist consultation. The lesions appeared in crops localized on the trunk and extremities. It was believed that the skin lesions were caused by trazodone and lithium, which were being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. The medications were stopped, but the lesions continued to develop. Routine blood and urine analyses were unremarkable.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Open in a new tab

(A,B) Symmetric yellow-brown, flat-topped papules localized on the trunk (A) and extremities (B). (C) Dermoscopic finding: orange-yellow homogeneous pigmentation, delicate linear branching, and serpentine vessels. Solitary, red clods are present in some lesions. (D) Dermoscopic finding after 3 months: partially regressed lesions reveal yellow background and linear serpentine vessels. (E) Focally dispersed small dermal granulomas composed of histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells with peripheral arrangement of nuclei (E,F) (H&E, ×100). (F) Focal emperipolesis is noted in giant cells (arrows) (H&E, ×400). (G) Positive immunohistochemical staining of CD68 in granulomas (magnification ×200). Immunohistochemically, granulomas presented with profile CD68+ CD163+/−, and CD1a−.

Dermoscopy was performed on one representative lesion on the lower leg. The histology was consistent with the diagnosis of GEH (Figure 1, C–G).

After GEH diagnostics, additional investigations were done. Hyperprolactinemia, hypercorticism, and hypofunction of the thyroid gland were detected. Abdominal ultrasonography and MRI of the sella turcica and hematological studies with biopsy of the bone marrow were without pathological findings. Three years from the first onset, the skin lesions mostly resolved, leaving hyperpigmented macules.

Literature Review

Seventy-four cases (58.1% males) of GEH have been published, including 24 (32.4%) children (Table 1 and Supplementary References, which are appended to the pdf). The average age was 30.5 years. In adults and children the average age was 43.2 years and 4.2 years, respectively. The most frequent body site was the trunk (86%), followed by the extremities (79%). The lesions resolved spontaneously from 2 weeks onward, but in rare cases persisted for 20 years. In 4 children the lesions evolved into xanthoma disseminatum; in 1 child the lesions coexisted with juvenile xanthogranuloma.

Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics of the Published Cases With Generalized Eruptive Histiocytosis (Histiocytoma) (GEH)

Referencea Age at Onset (yrs)b Sex Location Course Associated Finding
Wise (1919)c 22 M Trunk, proximal part of extremities Lasted 20 years None
Glauberzon and Lebedeff (1952)c 34 F Disseminated Not defined None
Calas et al (1959)c 52 M Face, trunk, extremities Not defined None
Baccaredda-Boy (1960)c 33 M Trunk, extremities, face, mouth No data, died after 19 years Mutilating polyarthritis
Herzberg (1961)c 30 F Trunk, extremities Spontaneous regression after 13 years Amenorrhea
Winkelmann and Muller (1963) 51 F Trunk, extremities Number of lesions increased within 15 months Osteoarthritis
Winkelmann and Muller (1963) 58 M Trunk, axillae, pubic area and penis, buccal mucosa Increasing in number within 4 years None
Winkelmann and Muller (1963) 38 F Face, trunk, extremities Cleared gradually after 12 years None
Cramer (1963) 25 M Disseminated Resistant to steroids None
Pegum (1973) 42 M Trunk, extremities No regression after 2.5 years High cholesterol
Sohi et al (1979) 49 M Generalized Regressed in a few months, then recurred 2 years later None
Winkelmann (1980) 3 months F Extensor limbs, buttocks Persisted until at least 9 years old Glaucoma and uveitis
Caputo et al (1981) 25 M Thorax, abdomen, inguinal fold, proximal extremities Resolved spontaneously in 4 years None
Aso et al (1982) 4 M Disseminated Spontaneous regression of 80% lesions after 2 years None
Arnold et al (1982) 32 M Disseminated Persisted for 20 years None
Bobin et al (1983) 22 M Trunk, extremities Partial regression within 1 year None
Idikio and Hogan (1983) 57 F Abdomen, pubic area, breasts, back, axillae, face Unchanged in 9 years Hyperlipidemia type IV
Statham et al (1984) 66 F Trunk, extremities, nasal mucosa Death 18 months after the diagnosis from acute leukemia Acute leukemia of monoblastic/histiocytic origin
Caputo et al (1987) 11 months M Trunk, neck, head, extremities Disappeared in 5 years None
Caputo et al (1987) 11 months F Face, trunk Mostly regressed in 6 years None
Caputo et al (1987) 10 months M Trunk, scrotum Mostly regressed in 2 years None
Caputo et al (1987) 44 months F Trunk, axillae, face Mostly regressed in 3 years None
Shimizu et al (1987) 24 M Cheeks, later generalized Regressed in 1 year None
Sigal-Nahum et al (1987) 7 F Face, buttocks, extremities Spontaneous regression and new crops within few months None
Braun-Falco et al (1988) 19 M Trunk, axillary, face, throat Evolved into xanthoma disseminatum None
Grob et al (1988) 25 M Face, axillary Eruption persisted 2 years None
Umbert and Winkelmann (1989) 67 F Face, trunk, arms Slow progression within 9 years Hypothyroidism, normolipemic xanthelasma, polyclonal gammopathy
Ashworth et al (1990) 21 M Disseminated, sparing mucosa 8 years continual progression of the disease Atopic dermatitis, asthma
Saijo et al (1991) 14 F Trunk Within 14 months: partial regression with new lesions None
Stables and MacKie (1992) 55 F Arms, trunk, upper thighs, face Present for at least 24 months None
Izaki et al (1993) 1 M Face, neck, upper arms Persisted for next 5 years until spontaneous resolution None
Goerdt et al (1994) 69 M Trunk, extremities Persisted for at least 5 years High cholesterol
Repiso et al (1995) 4 M Face, trunk, proximal extremities Evolved into xanthoma disseminatum Developed diabetes insipidus and brain infiltrations
Gibbs and O’Grady (1996) 41 M Face, arms, torso Lesions persisted for 9 years Diabetes mellitus type II
Jang et al (1999) 3 months M Face, trunk, groin, upper and lower limbs Spontaneous regression within 2 months; no new lesions within 2 years None
Matsushima et al (1999) 5 F Generalized Spontaneous regression within 8 months Rheumatic fever
Wee et al (2000) 9 M Trunk, proximal extremities Spontaneous regression of some lesions with new crops None
Marzano et al (2002) 33 F Trunk, extremities Resolved within 6 months None
Wollenberg et al (2002) 13 F Abdomen, trunk Persisted for 3 years Coexistence with skin lesions proven to be indeterminate cell histiocytosis
Klemke et al (2003) 59 M Trunk, neck, face, and thighs Improved under aplasiogenic regimen Acute monocytic leukemia
Seward et al (2004) 55 M Trunk, extremities Several lesions resolved after cryotherapy None
Deng et al (2004) 39 M Face, trunk, limbs Spontaneously resolved within 6 months Increased eosinophilia
Mehravaran (2004) 53 F Trunk, upper extremities No follow-up None
Tamiya et al (2005) 14 months F Trunk, extremities Spontaneously resolved within 1 month Immunoglobulin G, human herpesvirus 6
Vázquez-Blanco et al (2006) 64 M Trunk, extremities, mucous membranes Subsided after photochemotherapy, but reappeared None
Kiliç et al (2006) 1 M Face, trunk, extremities Stable for 12 months, partial regression after 41 months None
Lan Ma et al (2007) 32 F Trunk, extremities, face In 3 months resolved with PUVA Eosinophilia in peripheral blood and in bone marrow cytology
Tang et al (2007) 36 F Trunk, abdomen, extremities After 8 years, spontaneous regression of some lesions observed None
Fernández-Jorge et al (2007) 41 F Trunk and arms Spontaneously resolved in 11 months Hypercholesterolemia
Bajaj and Iqbal (2008) 28 M Face, chest, axillae Resolved after 1 week with liquid nitrogen None
Kwinter and DeKoven (2009) 53 F Face, neck, arms Resolved after 8 months with isotretinoin, then recurred None
Chern et al (2010) 5 months F Face, trunk, arms, legs Spontaneously resolved in 6 months Mild leukocytosis
Aggarwal et al (2010) 61 M Trunk, arms, legs Spontaneously resolved with relapses within 4 years None
Sharath Kumar et al (2011) 23 F Face, trunk, arms, legs Minimal resolution, persisted 5 years None
Attia et al (2011) 48 F Upper limbs and trunk Spontaneously resolved None
Montero et al (2012) 80 M Trunk, abdomen Resolved after 6 months Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Verma (2012) 10 M Hands, feet, trunk Coexistence with juvenile xanthogranuloma lesions None
Cardoso et al (2013) 79 M Trunk, eyelids Spontaneously resolved in 2 months None
Zamudio Vega et al (2013) 8 M Face, upper extremities 8 months unchanged None
Shon et al (2013) 84 M Face, neck, arms Died after 4 months Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Kazi et al (2014) 23 M Lower extremities No follow-up None
Ghandi et al (2015) 28 F Face, trunk, extremities Spreading within 2 years None
Ziegler et al (2015) 20 M Trunk, extremities Complete remission with imatinib FIP1L1-PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Hansel et al (2015) 60 M Trunk, extremities Remission with PUVA and topical corticosteroids None
Mahajan et al (2015) 60 M Extremities No follow-up None
Wilk et al (2016) 64 M Trunk, extremities Unchanged for several years None
Piney et al (2016) 28 M Face, trunk, extremities Resistant to imatinib, interferon alpha, anakinra; resolved after PUVA therapy Arthralgia
Alperovich et al (2017) 3 F Trunk, face 6-month follow-up: CNS lesions-xanthomata Diabetes insipidus
Arif et al (2017) 26 F Face, trunk, arms Persisted and coalesced within 3 months None
Kar et al (2018) 6 F Face, axillae, trunk Spontaneously resolved None
Kaçar et al (2018) 19 months F Diaper area, extremities, trunk Spontaneously resolved None
Costin et al (2019) 24 F Trunk, neck and proximal upper extremities Unchanged after 1 year None
Takahashi et al (2019) 1 M Trunk After 1 year partially regressed None
Kobayashi et al (2019) 7 months M Neck, trunk, extremities 2-year follow-up; lesion evolved into xanthoma disseminatum; resistance to chemotherapy Diabetes insipidus
Open in a new tab
a

Full references are provided in the supplementary content, which is appended to the pdf.

b

Age is given in years except where indicated as months.

c

In 1963 Winkelmann and Muller reported 3 cases of GEH, but some cases with cutaneous and histological abnormalities consistent with GEH were reported before their report, under different names (Sohi et al, Dermatologica. 1979;159(6):71–75; Bobin et al, Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1983;110(10):817–824).

Although GEH is a benign, self-healing eruption of non-Langerhans cell lineage, follow-up is necessary.

Two age groups of GEH patients are reported: up to 14 years and adults. Brain infiltrations and diabetes insipidus are reported in 3 (12.5%) children up to age 4 years with xanthomatous evolvement. In 5 (10.0%) of the published adult cases, hematological disorders of myeloid lineage such as acute monocytic/monoblastic leukemia (2 cases) or chronic myelomonocytic/eosinophilic leukemia (3 cases) are reported (Table 1). In preschool children, diabetes insipidus should be suspected if GEH evolves into xanthoma. In adults, hematological follow-up is suggested.

Clinical differential diagnosis of GEH includes other histiocytic disorders such as Letterer-Siwe disease, juvenile xanthogranuloma (multiple), papular xanthoma, and progressive nodular histiocytosis. Exanthema due to medications and viruses, with separate entity Gianotti-Crosti syndrome and early eruption of guttate psoriasis, are main differentials as well.

A case describing dermoscopy of GEH lesions resembling molluscum contagiosum in an infant has been published [1]. A homogeneous orange-yellow pattern with an erythematous border described as “setting-sun” was recognized. Histology revealed histiocytic cells with foamy xanthomatous cytoplasm [1]. The dermoscopic finding in our case presented with orange-yellow homogeneous pigmentation, delicate linear branching, serpentine vessels, and solitary, red clods. Histology revealed histiocytic cells forming granulomas.

The dermoscopic differential diagnosis of GEH is broad and encompasses juvenile xanthogranuloma, cutaneous sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare (palisading granuloma histological subtype), elastosis perforans serpiginosa, granulomatous rosacea, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma, and rheumatoid nodules. Among infective diseases, lupus vulgaris, cutaneous leishmaniasis, borderline tuberculoid leprosy, and Majocchi granuloma are the most important differentials [2]. Combining clinical, dermoscopic, and histological findings is of greatest importance in any of the diseases mentioned.

Conclusions

Our case emphasizes the importance of dermoscopic examination in the everyday practice of dermatologists. Further studies of skin histiocytic disorders are required in order to establish all dermoscopic criteria.

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Mrs. Ana Ivkovic from the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, and Mr. William Russell-Edu from the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, for providing scientific literature.

Footnotes

Funding: None.

Competing interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Authorship: All authors have contributed significantly to this publication.

References

  • 1.Kaçar N, Demirkan N, Duygulu Ş. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis diagnosed in light of dermoscopic findings. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(3):355–357. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13867. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Erricheti E, Stinco E. Dermoscopy in general dermatology: a practical overview. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016;6(4):471–507. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0141-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Supplementary Material: Table 1 References

  • 1.Wise F. Multiple endothelioma of the skin. Am J Med Sci. 1919;157:236–253. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Glauberzon SA, Lebedeff YA. Multiple plane dermato-fibrome (fibroma simplex, derma-fibroma lenticulare) Vesternick Venerologie Dermatologie. 1952:35. [Google Scholar]; Excerpta Med (Section 13) 6:68. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Calas E, Tramier G, Coulier L. Reticulose benigne (histiocytomes multiples dissemines) Bull Soc Fr Derm Syph. 1959;66:120–121. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Baccaredda-Boy A. Paraxathomatose (thesaurotische) system Histiocytose. Hautarzt. 1960;11:58–63. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Herzberg JJ. Eruptive symmetrisch angeordnete eosinophile Granulome der Haut. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol. 1961;212:282–297. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Winkelmann RK, Muller SA. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a benign papular histiocytic reticulosis. Arch Dermatol. 1963;88:586–596. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1963.01590230094014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Cramer HJ. Cramer HJ. Multiple Reticulo-histiocytome der Haut ohne nachweisbare Zweiterkrankung. Hautarzt. 1963;14:297–302. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Pegum JS. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. Proc R Soc Med. 1973;66:59–60. doi: 10.1177/003591577306601210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Sohi AS, Tiwari VD, Subramanian CS, Chakraborty M. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a case report with a review of the literature. Dermatologica. 1979;159(6):71–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Winkelmann RK, Kossard S, Fraga S. Eruptive histiocytoma of childhood. Arch Dermatol. 1980;116(5):565–570. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Caputo R, Alessi E, Allegra F. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. Arch Dermatol. 1981;117(4):216–221. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1981.01650040032016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Aso K, Kondo Y, Watanabe S. A case of pediatric generalized eruptive histiocytoma [in Japanese] Nihon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi. 1982;92(2):115–120. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Arnold ML, Wirth H, Anton-Lamprecht I, Petzoldt D. Verallgemeinert Eruptive Histiozytome. Hautarzt. 1982;33(8):428–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Bobin P, Carsuzaa F, Seurat P, Lucas D. Histiocytome eruptif generalise. A propos d’un cas. Revue de la literature. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1983;110(10):817–824. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Idikio H, Hogan J. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: report of a case and electron microscopic finding of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1983;8(6):625–630. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01832.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Statham BN, Fairris GM, Cotterill JA. Atypical eruptive histiocytosis—a marker of underlying malignancy? Br J Dermatol. 1984;110(1):103–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb07319.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Caputo R, Ermacora E, Gelmetti C, Berti E, Giani E, Nigro A. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;17(3):449–454. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70228-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Shimizu N, Ito M, Sato Y. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: an ultrastructural study. J Cutan Pathol. 1987;14(2):100–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1987.tb00480.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Sigal-Nahum M, Gaulier A, Basset F, Carado Y, Sigal S. Histiocytose non X (histiocytome eruptif generalise?) marquee par l’OKT6, a filaments de vimentine. A propos d’un cas. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1987;114(2):211–221. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Braun-Falco O, Korting HC, Zienicke H, Klovekorn W. Eruptive Histiozytome und Xanthoma disseminatum als Manifestationsformen derselben Erkrankung? Hautarzt. 1988;39(10):652–657. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Grob JJ, Collet AM, Horchowski N, Andrac L, Chouquet G, Bonerandi JJ. Histiocytome eruptif generalise de Winkelmann et Muller. Etude ultrastructurale et immunohistochimique. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1988;115(11):1202–1204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Umbert I, Winkelmann RK. Eruptive histiocytoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20(5 Pt 2):958–964. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70119-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Ashworth J, Archard L, Woodrow D, Cream JJ. Multiple eruptive histiocytoma cutis in an atopic. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1990;15(6):454–456. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02143.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Saijo S, Hara M, Kuramoto Y, Tagami H. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a report of a variant case showing the presence of dermal indeterminate cells. J Cutan Pathol. 1991;18(2):134–136. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1991.tb00141.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Stables GI, MacKie R. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. Br J Dermatol. 1992;126(2):196–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb07821.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Izaki S, Kitamura K, Arai E. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: report of a pediatric case. J Dermatol. 1993;20:105–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1993.tb03840.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Goerdt S, Bonsmann G, Sunderkötter C, Grabbe S, Luger T, Kolde G. A unique non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with some features of generalized eruptive histiocytoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31(2 Pt2):322–326. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(94)70164-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Repiso T, Roca-Mirales M, Kanitakis J, Castells-Rodellas A. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma evolving into xanthogranuloma disseminatum in a 4-year-old boy. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132(6):978–982. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb16959.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Gibbs N, O’Grady T. Progressive eruptive histiocytoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;35(2 Pt2):323–325. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90660-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Jang KA, Lee HJ, Choi JH, Sung KJ, Koh JK, Moon KC. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma of childhood. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140(1):168–192. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02634.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Matsushima Y, Ohnishi K, Ishikawa O. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma of childhood associated with rheumatic fever. Eur J Dermatol. 1999;9(7):548–550. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Wee SH, Kim HS, Chang SN, Kim DK, Park WH. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a pediatric case. Pediatr Dermatol. 2000;17(6):453–455. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2000.01842.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Marzano AV, Facceti M, Caputo R. Guess what! Diagnosis: generalized eruptive histiocytosis (histiocytoma) Eur J Dermatol. 2002;12(2):205–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Wollenberg A, Burgdorf WH, Schaller M, Sander C. Long-lasting “Christmas tree rash” in an adolescent: isotopic response of indeterminate cell histiocytosis in pityriasis rosea? Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82(4):288–291. doi: 10.1080/000155502320323270. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Klemke CD, Dippel E, Geilen CC, et al. Atypical generalized eruptive histiocytosis associated with acute monocytic leukemia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49(5 Suppl):S233–S236. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(03)00037-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Seward J, Malone J, Callen J. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50(1):116–120. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(03)02789-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Deng YJ, Hao F, Zhou CL, et al. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis: a possible therapeutic cure? Br J Dermatol. 2004;150(1):171–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05699.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Mehravan M. Quiz: July 2004. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis (GEH) [Accessed November 23, 2019]. Available from: http://www.iranderma.com/quiz-jul04.htm.
  • 39.Tamiya H, Tsuruta D, Takeda E, Moriwaki K, Kobayash H, Ishii M. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma with rapid progression and resolution following exanthema subitum. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30(3):294–307. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01738.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Vázquez-Blanco M, Peteiro C, Toribio J. Histiocitoma eruptivo generalizado. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2006;97(1):35–38. doi: 10.1016/S0001-7310(06)73345-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Kiliç A, Kulcu Cakmak S, Gonul M, Gul U, Demirel O, Demiriz M. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a pediatric case. Eur J Dermatol. 2006;16(6):694–695. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Lan Ma H, Metze D, Luger TA, Steinhoff M. Successful treatment of generalized eruptive histiocytoma with PUVA. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2007;5(2):131–134. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06178.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Tang X, Shen H, Xu A, et al. Spontaneous regression of generalized eruptive histiocytosis: possible involvement of apoptosis? Int J Dermatol. 2007;46(10):1073–1075. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.03045.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Fernández-Jorge B, Goday-Buján J, Del Pozo Losada J, Alvarez-Rodríguez R, Fonseca E. A case of generalized eruptive histiocytosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007;87(6):533–536. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Bajaj DR, Iqbal MP. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis presenting with warty lesions on face. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008;18(2):110–112. 02.2008/JCPSP.110112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Kwinter J, DeKoven J. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma treated with isotretinoin. J Cutan Med Surg. 2009;13(3):146–150. doi: 10.2310/7750.2008.07091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Chern E, Yau D, Ho JC. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis in an infant. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90(2):204–205. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 48.Aggarwal K, Gupta S, Jain VK, Sen R, Gupta S. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2010;1(1):27–29. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.73255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.Sharath Kumar BC, Nandini AS, Niveditha SR, Gopal MG, Reeti Generalized eruptive histiocytosis mimicking leprosy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2011;77(4):498–502. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.82413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Attia A, Seleit I, El Badwy N, Bakry O, Yassien H. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma. J Dermatol Case Rep. 2011;5(3):53–55. doi: 10.3315/jdcr.2011.1076. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Montero I, Gutiérrez-González E, Ginarte M, Toribio J. Histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada en paciente con leucemia mielomonocítica crónica. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas. 2012;103(7):643–644. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.01.013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Verma S. Generalized eruptive histiocytomas and juvenile eruptive xanthogranulomas in a 10-year-old boy: a potpourri of exotic terms indicating the need for unification. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51(4):445–447. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05288.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Cardoso F, Serafini NB, Reis BD, Nuñez MD, Nery JA, Lupi O. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: a rare disease in an elderly patient. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(1):105–108. doi: 10.1590/s0365-05962013000100015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Zamudio Vega P, Ysita Morales A, Medaro Mora Huerta J. Un caso de histiocytoma eruptivo generalizado. Revista Mex Ped. 2013;80(5):191–194. Available from: http://www.medigraphic.com/rmp. [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Shon W, Peters MS, Reed KB, Ketterling RP, Dogan A, Gibson LE. Atypical generalized eruptive histiocytosis clonally related to chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with loss of Y chromosome. J Cutan Pathol. 2013;40(8):725–729. doi: 10.1111/cup.12168. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Kazi N, Bernert R, Moussa C, Magro C. A case of generalized eruptive histiocytosis in a 23-year-old man. Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(8) 13030/qt39v75449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Ghandi N, Daklan S, Goodarzi A, Kamyab Hesari K, Ghanadan A. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis: a case report. Iran J Dermatol. 2015;18(1):33–35. Available from: http://iranjd.ir/article_98250.html. [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Ziegler B, Peitsch WK, Reiter A, Marx A, Goerdt S, Géraud C. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis associated with FIP1L1-PDGFRA-positive chronic eosinophilic leukemia. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(7):766–769. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.0154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Hansel G, Schönlebe J, Tchernev G, Chokoeva AA, Lotti T, Wollina U. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma in adult patient. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015;29(1 Suppl):15–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 60.Mahajan RS, Shah AC, Pasle RK, Bilimoria FE. Asymptomatic papular eruption in a 60 year old man. Indian J Dermatol. 2015;60(5):516–517. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.164391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 61.Wilk M, Zelger BG, Zelger B. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis with features of multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2016;38(6):470–472. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Pinney SS, Jahan-Tigh RR, Chon S. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis associated with a novel fusion in LMNA-NTRK1. Dermatol Online J. 2016;22(8) 13030/qt07d3f2xk. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Alperovich R, Grassino PT, Asial R, Pasteris L, Boente MD. Histiocitosis eruptiva generalizada-xantogranuloma juvenil: espectro clínico en un paciente pediátrico. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2017;115(2):e116–e119. doi: 10.5546/aap.2017.e116. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Arif T, Adil M, Amin SS, Dorjay K. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis simulating leprosy: a case report with current status of classification of histiocytoses and antigenic markers. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol. 2017;20(20):1–4. doi: 10.4103/ijpd.IJPD_124_16. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 65.Kar C, Biswas R, Benerjee S, Sarkar P, Shome K, Das KD. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis in a child: a rare entity. Indian J Dermatopathol Diagn Dermatol. 2018;5(2):143–145. doi: 10.4103/ijdpdd.ijdpdd_1_18. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 66.Kaçar N, Demirkan N, Duygulu Ş. Generalized eruptive histiocytosis diagnosed in the light of dermoscopic findings. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(3):355–357. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13867. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Costin A, Cerejeira D, Alves J. Generalised eruptive histiocytosis: case report. Australas J Dermatol. 2019;60(4):e314–e316. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13062. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Takahashi S, Muto J, Takama H, et al. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma: pediatric case report and review of the published work. J Dermatol. 2019;46(11):e407–e408. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 69.Kobayashi K, Kurihara Y, Yamagami J, et al. Generalized eruptive histiocytoma developing into xanthoma disseminatum with central diabetes insipidus. J Dermatol. 2019;46(8):e281–e283. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.14845. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Dermatology Practical & Conceptual are provided here courtesy of Mattioli 1885

RESOURCES