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. 2020 Jun 3;9(6):1391. doi: 10.3390/cells9061391

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Maresin biosynthetic pathways in the resolution of inflammation. In human macrophages, DHA is converted to a 13,14-epoxide intermediate through the actions of LOX enzymes. This intermediate can then be hydrolyzed into maresin 1 or conjugated to peptides at position 13 on the DHA backbone to form MCTRs. The bioactive maresins and MCTRs produced by macrophages play a role in the resolution of inflammation, partly through countering the pro-inflammatory effects of leukotrienes, and this activity may be key to facilitating cardiac regeneration. Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPEP, dipeptidase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; GSTM4, glutathione S-transferase µ4; HpDHA, hydroperoxy-docosahexaenoic acid; LOX, lipoxygenase; LTC₄S, leukotriene C₄ synthase; LTD₄, leukotriene D₄; MaR1, maresin 1; MCTR1/2/3, maresin conjugate in tissue regeneration 1/2/3.