Table 1.
Specific oxylipins and their functions in cardiovascular disease.
| Oxylipins in Cardiovascular Disease | ||
|---|---|---|
| Lipid | Beneficial Function | Reference |
| 11,12-EET | Suppresses cardiac hypertrophy and increases ANP levels in mouse hearts Prevents high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice |
[200] [201] |
| 14,15-EET | Decreases ventricular pressure and reduces pulmonary artery wall thickness in rats | [204] |
| CYP2J-Derived EETs | Improves left ventricular function and reduces collagen accumulation after MI in mice | [193] |
| sEH Inhibitors | Prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart isolates | [203] |
| 19-HETE | Ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats Reduces platelet aggregation in mouse blood vessels |
[196] [198] |
| 15-epi-lipoxin A4 | Improves ejection fraction and facilitates neutrophil clearance after coronary artery ligation in mice Reduces intimal hyperplasia after carotid artery ligation in mice |
[192] [207] |
| ATL A4 | Prevents atherosclerotic lesions in rat aorta by resolving inflammation | [206] |
| EPA/DHA | Lower serum triglyceride levels in patients Reduce adverse ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis in patients Reduce the incidence of ischemia, severe cardiac events, and cardiovascular death in patients Decrease fibrosis accumulation after MI in rat hearts |
[185] [186] [187] [189] |
| RvDn-3 DPA | Decreases leukocyte and platelet activation in patient peripheral blood samples | [188] |
| RvD1 | Improves left ventricular function, promotes resolution of inflammation, and reduces collagen deposition after MI in mice Decreases oxidative stress, fibrosis, and necrosis and promotes the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in mice |
[190] [194] |
| RvD4 | Improves thrombus resolution in mice | [195] |
| PD1 | Reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and neointimal hyperplasia after carotid artery injury in rats | [209] |
| MaR1 | Reduces necrosis and promotes the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in mice | [210] |
| Lipid | Detrimental Function | Reference |
| 16-HETrE | Increases blood pressure in patients | [211] |
| 5,6-diHETrE | Increases blood pressure in patients | [211] |
| TXB2 | Increases blood pressure in patients | [211] |
| LTB4 | Antagonism reduces infarct size and inflammatory cell accumulation after coronary artery ligation in mice Inhibition increases the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in mice |
[214] [217] |
| LTC4 | Receptor inhibition increases ejection fraction and myocardial mass after cardiac cryoinjury in mice | [215] |
| Abbreviations: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; ATL, aspirin-triggered lipoxin; CYP, cytochrome P450 enzyme; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; diHETrE, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HETrE, hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; LT, leukotriene; MaR, maresin; MI, myocardial infarction; PD, protectin; RV, resolvin; sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase; TX, thromboxane | ||