. 2020 Jun 16;12(6):1787. doi: 10.3390/nu12061787

Table 3.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the presence of an intake similar to or greater than the median of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D, relative to family and personal factors in the reference sample (RS) of the EsNuPI children population (n = 707).

		Calcium (mg/day) (≥P50) ^†			Phosphorus (mg/day) (≥P50) ^†			Magnesium (mg/day) (≥P50) ^†			Vitamin D (µg/day) (≥P50) ^†
Factor	Subcategories	OR	IC	p	OR	IC	p	OR	IC	p	OR	IC	p
Sex	Boys	1			1			1			1
Sex	Girls	0.983	0.732–1.32	0.910	0.983	0.732–1.321	0.911	1.006	0.749–1.35	0.970	0.994	0.74–1.335	0.970
Age ^¥	1 to <4 years	1			1			1			1
	4 to <6 years	1.075	0.716–1.612	0.728	1.042	0.695–1.564	0.842	1.000	0.672–1.488	1.000	1.042	0.695–1.564	0.842
	6-<10 years	1.031	0.740–1.436	0.857	1.000	0.718–1.393	1.000	0.993	0.678–1.455	0.973	0.987	0.708–1.375	0.937
Number of feeding bottles or glasses of milk per day	Less than 2	1			1			1			1
Number of feeding bottles or glasses of milk per day	2 or more	1.681	1.218–2.320	0.002 *	1.252	0.910–1.723	0.168	1.127	0.819–1.551	0.463	1.167	0.848–1.605	0.344
Physical activity (PAL)	<P50 by sex and age	1			1			1			1
Physical activity (PAL)	≥P50 by sex and age	1.023	0.761–1.374	0.880	0.892	0.664–1.199	0.449	0.873	0.650–1.173	0.366	1.269	0.944–1.705	0.114
Size of the municipality	50,001–300,000 people	1			1			1			1
Size of the municipality	>300,0000 people	1.277	0.950–1.716	0.106	1.25	0.930–1.68	0.140	1.336	0.994–1.797	0.055	1.449	1.077–1.949	0.014 *
Family income	≤2000 €/month	1			1			1			1
	>2000 €/month	0.838	0.593–1.186	0.319	1.140	0.806–1.612	0.459	1.519	1.072–2.151	0.019 *	1.071	0.757–1.514	0.699
	Not known/no answer	0.877	0.607–1.267	0.485	0.903	0.625–1.305	0.587	1.133	0.784–1.638	0.505	0.860	0.595–1.243	0.422
Highest level of education achieved by one of the parents	≤10 years of education	1			1			1			1
	Secondary education	0.297	0.108–0.819	0.019 *	0.358	0.137–0.932	0.035 *	0.810	0.343–1.915	0.632	0.402	0.161–1.005	0.051
	University studies	0.264	0.094–0.738	0.011 *	0.391	0.148–1.034	0.058	0.899	0.374–2.161	0.812	0.539	0.212–1.369	0.194
BMI for age	Normal BMI	1			1			1			1
	Overweight and obese	0.932	0.683–1.272	0.658	1.067	0.782–1.457	0.681	0.999	0.732–1.364	0.997	1.015	0.744–1.385	0.925
	Underweight	0.408	0.190–0.879	0.022 *	0.647	0.314–1.335	0.238	0.558	0.268–1.163	0.120	0.558	0.268–1.163	0.120
Height for age	Normal height	1			1			1			1
	High stature	1.246	0.744–2.087	0.404	1.549	0.918–2.612	0.101	1.538	0.911–2.594	0.107	1.080	0.646–1.804	0.769
	Stunting	0.836	0.519–1.349	0.463	1.006	0.625–1.619	0.981	0.854	0.53–1.378	0.518	1.472	0.909–2.385	0.116

OR: odds ratio. PAL: physical activity level. ^† P50 or median was calculated in the reference group for each nutrient by sex and age group, and was used to categorize children according to whether they had a usual nutrient intake below the median or superior. ^¥ Except for magnesium (1 to <3 years, 3 to <6 years, 6 to <10 years). Underweight was defined as Z-BMI/age < −2SD, normal BMI/age was defined as Z-BMI/age −2SD to +1SD and overweight and obese as Z-BMI/age > +1SD, as per WHO guidelines [28,29]. Stunting was defined as Z-height/age < −2SD, normal BMI/age was defined as Z-height/age −2SD to +2SD and high stature as Z-height/age > +2SD, as per WHO guidelines. * A p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.