Figure 4.

Schematic representation of pathways associated with caloric restriction and their downstream effects. The figure represents the conserved underlying response of caloric restriction and how this modulates aging and associated pathways. CR inhibits TOR functions, which result in decreased S6K activity and decreased protein translation, along with increased autophagy. Decreased ribosome biogenesis and translation then inhibits angiogenesis and cell-cycle progression. CR promotes SIRT1 activity which results in the deacetylation of many downstream targets which maintain heterochromatin, establish genomic stability, prevent the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, and decrease cell growth and proliferation, ultimately promoting longevity.