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. 2020 Jun 23;25(12):2889. doi: 10.3390/molecules25122889

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© 2020 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Products (furfural, 5-HMF, acetic and formic acid) released and sugars content during thermal treatment (TT) at 120 °C (1 h) and acid (H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄ and HCl) pretreatment methods at 2, 10 and 20 g/100 g TS and (b) phenolic compounds during TT at 120 °C (1 h) or 80 °C (24 h), acid and alkali (NaOH) pretreatment methods tested. Concentrations of products and phenolic compounds of untreated GL waste is also presented.