Figure 9.
RT2 Profiler PCR Array for the NF-κB signaling pathway. The data of the treatment group with VA is normalized to the Ctr vehicle group. (a,b) The average of the fold change for 3 donors of human OA chondrocytes are shown in heat map graphs. The statistically significant genes are highlighted by the asterisk. The p-values are calculated based on a Student’s t-test of the replicate 2−ΔCT values for each gene in the control group versus treatment group. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.005. (c) Volcano plot for VA treatment group versus Ctr vehicle showing significantly down-regulated genes which passed −1 threshold for log2 fold change difference. (d) Multigroup Plot for the genes with significant p-values and log2 fold regulations <−1. These genes include colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), interferon gamma (INF-γ), interleukin 1-beta (IL1B), interleukin 8 (CXCL8), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).