Experimental setup under semi-open field and open field conditions. Artemisia annua seedlings on germination tray with sterile peat before experiment start (A); soil structure of potted plants in Gleysol (B), Luvisol (C), Anthrosol (D) and sterile peat (E) during the experiment. Semi-open field experiment layout with 16 blocks shows control and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)-treated plants (F), different soil types are numbered as follows: 1-Gleysol, 2-Luvisol, 3-Anthrosol, 4-sterile peat. AMF colonization of Artemisia roots in various substrate types under microscopy analyses: Gleysol (G), Luvisol (H), Anthrosol (I) and sterile peat (J). One square represents 100 μm2.