Figure 2.

AMF colonization (%) of Artemisia annua roots under various substrate types. Kruskal–Wallis tests (non-parametric ANOVA) and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare variables (mean ± standard error). The different letters above the bar charts indicates statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 level (two replicates of five plants from each soil types as control and two replicates of five from each soil types as AMF treated, n = 80 plants). A sub-sample of about 150 root fragments (1 cm in length) was chosen randomly from each plant (80 × 150 and 12,000 as total) and average/treatment/plant determined. Bars represent standard errors.