Table 1.

Intrabodies against neurodegenerative diseases.

Alzheimer’s Disease Target: β-amyloid Protein
Antigen	Species	Intrabody	Experimental Phase	Reference(s)
Aβ1–42	scFv	scFvAβIB	Preclinical in mice	[8]
Aβ	scFv	Aβ-scFv	Preclinical in mice	[9]
Parkinson’s Disease Target: α-synuclein Protein
Antigen	Species	Intrabody	Experimental Phase	Reference(s)
Oligomeric α-synuclein	Human scFv	D5	Preclinical in mice	[10,11,12,13]
Oligomeric α-synuclein	Human scFv	10H	Preclinical in mice	[10,12,14]
Pan-specific α-synuclein	Human scFv	D10	Preclinical in mice	[10,12,15]
Hydrophobic non-amyloid component (NAC) of α-synuclein, AA53–95	Human nanobody (VH)	VH14 (NAC14)	Preclinical in rats	[10,16,17]
α-synuclein AA53–87	Human scFv	NAC32	In vitro in cell culture	[17]
Fibrillar α-synuclein	Human scFv	6E	In vitro in cell culture	[11,18]
α-synuclein, AA118–131	Camelid nanobody (VHH)	Nbsyn2	In vitro in cell culture	[16,19]
α-synuclein, AA137-140	Camelid nanobody (VHH)	Nbsyn87	Preclinical in rats	[16,19,20]
Huntington’s Disease Target: Huntingtin (HTT) Protein
Antigen	Species	Intrabody	Experimental Phase	Reference(s)
HTT-N17 (PolyQ N-term AA1-17)	Human scFv	scFvC4	Preclinical in mice	[11,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]
HTT-N20 (PolyQ N-term, AA1-20)	Human VL	VL12.3	Preclinical in mice	[22,31,32,33,34,35]
HTT-polyQ	Mouse scFv	MW1	In vitro in cell culture	[36,37]
HTT-polyQ	Mouse scFv	MW2	In vitro in cell culture	[36,37]
HTT-PRR	Mouse scFv	MW7	Ex vivo in brain tissue	[33,36,37]
HTT-PRR	Human VL	Happ1	Preclinical in mice	[33,34]
HTT-PRR	Human VL	Happ3	Ex vivo in brain tissue	[33]
HTT-Exon1	Mouse scFv	EM48	Preclinical in mice	[38]
HTT-PRR	Human scFv	INT41	Preclinical in mice	[39]
Fibrillar mHTT	Human scFv	6E	In vitro in cell culture	[18,21]
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Disease Target: SOD1 Protein
Antigen	Species	Intrabody	Experimental Phase	Reference(s)
SOD1	Human scFv	B1	Preclinical in mice	[40,41]
SOD1	Human scFv	B12	Preclinical in mice	[40,41]
G93A human SOD1	Mouse scFv	D3H5	Preclinical in mice	[42]
Prion Disorder Target: Prion Protein (PrP)
Antigen	Species	Intrabody	Experimental Phase	Reference(s)
Cellular PrP	Mouse scFv	8H4	Preclinical in mice	[43,44]
Cellular PrP	Mouse scFv	8F9	In vitro in cell culture	[43]
Cellular PrP	Camelid nanobody (VHH)	Nb_PrP_01	In vitro in crystallography studies	[45,46]
Cellular PrP AA123–125, 164–170, and 174–185	Camelid nanobody (VHH)	Nb484	In vitro in crystallography studies	[46]