Correction: The second national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Vietnam

In Table 1, the data and footnotes use an outdated analysis and do not correctly describe the contents of the table. Please see the correct Table 1 here.

Table 1. Classification of bacteriologically confirmed cases according to expert panel decision.

Xpert result a	Culture result b	Chest X-ray c	TB treatment history d	Number of cases
MTB detected	MTB Growth	Any	Any	130 e
MTB not detected	MTB Growth	Abnormal	Any	48
MTB detected	No growth	Abnormal	No history	34
MTB detected	No growth	Abnormal	< 2 years	2
MTB detected	No growth	Abnormal	> 2 years	3
MTB detected	Contaminated/missing/NTM	Abnormal	No history	4
MTB detected	Contaminated/missing/NTM	Abnormal	< 2 years	0
MTB detected	Contaminated/missing/NTM	Abnormal	> 2 years	0
Total number				221

MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NTM: Nontuberculous mycobacteria

^a Combined result of two Xpert tests on different sputum sample (M1 and M1b). Does include participants with one (n = 55) and two (n = 118) Xpert results of MTB detected

^b Final culture result, which is the MGIT result unless the MGIT culture was contaminated and the LJ culture result was either no growth or MTB+, then the LJ result was taken (n = 1)

^c Final expert panel conclusion, abnormal meaning chest X-ray with any abnormality suggesting active TB disease

^d Treatment history as reported by the participant in the in-depth interview

^e Five of these patients were on TB treatment at the time of the survey, and five reported to have TB treatment history within two years preceding the survey.

In Table 2 and Table 4, the headings Rural and Remote are swapped in the fifteenth and sixteenth rows. The fifteenth row should be Remote and the sixteenth row should be Rural. Please see the correct Table 2 and Table 4 here.

Table 2. Screening outcomes of the survey, by sex, age, area, and region.

	Total screened participants	Total screening positive			Interview a screening positive only			Chest X-ray screening positive only			Both interview and chest X-ray positive
		No.	%	p-value	No.	%	p-value	No.	%	p-value	No.	%	p-value
Total	61,163	4,738	7.7		2,207	3.6		1,849	3.0		682	1.1
Sex				<0.001			<0.001			<0.001			<0.001
Male	27,150	2,842	10.5		1,272	4.7		1,088	4.0		482	1.8
Female	34,613	1,896	5.5		935	2.7		761	2.2		200	0.6
Age group				<0.001b			<0.001b			<0.001b			<0.001b
15–24	6,542	135	2.1	<0.001c	99	1.5	<0.001c	27	0.4	<0.001c	9	0.1	<0.001c
25–34	10,191	379	3.7	<0.001c	253	2.5	<0.001c	84	0.8	<0.001c	42	0.4	<0.001c
35–44	11,508	577	5.0	<0.001c	360	3.1	0.004c	160	1.4	<0.001c	57	0.5	<0.001c
45–54	13,289	1,074	8.1	0.045c	565	4.3	<0.001c	370	2.8	0.110c	139	1.1	0.468c
55–64	11,143	1,193	10.7	<0.001c	529	4.8	<0.001c	494	4.4	<0.001c	170	1.5	<0.001c
≥ 65	9,090	1,380	15.2	<0.001c	401	4.4	<0.001c	714	7.9	<0.001c	265	2.9	<0.001c
Area				0.383			<0.001			<0.001			<0.001
Urban	18,656	1,415	7.6	0.595c	487	2.6	<0.001c	710	3.8	<0.001c	218	1.2	0.314c
Remote	15,882	1,216	7.7	0.935c	692	4.4	<0.001c	403	2.5	<0.001c	121	0.8	<0.001c
Rural	27,225	2,107	7.7	0.537c	1,028	3.8	0.016c	736	2.7	<0.001c	343	1.3	0.001c
Region				<0.001			<0.001			<0.001			<0.001
North	25,575	1,917	7.5	<0.001c	1,094	4.3	<0.001c	639	2.5	<0.001c	184	0.7	<0.001c
Central	13,525	1,216	9.0	0.168c	531	3.9	<0.001c	391	2.9	0.428c	294	2.2	<0.001c
South	22,663	1,605	7.1	<0.001c	582	2.6	0.012c	819	3.6	<0.001c	204	0.9	<0.001c

No: number of participants with such characteristics

^a Including those who reported TB symptoms and/or TB treatment history, defined as follows:

TB symptoms: cough for 2 weeks or more, or cough of any duration in pregnant women.

Treatment history: currently on TB treatment or reporting TB treatment in the 2 years preceding the survey

^b p-value for trend, obtained by rank-sum test

^c p-value for the difference between this age group/ area/ region with other groups combined, obtained by Pearson’s chi-squared test

Table 4. Estimated prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Vietnam, overall and by sex, age, area and region.

		Smear-positive TB				Xpert-positive TB				Bacteriologically confirmed TB
	Number of participants	No. of cases	Crude prevalence (per 100,000) n (95% CI)	Weighted prevalence (per 100,000)a n (95% CI)	p-value	No. of cases	Crude prevalence (per 100,000) n (95% CI)	Weighted prevalence (per 100,000)a n (95% CI)	p-value	No. of cases	Crude prevalence (per 100,000) n (95% CI)	Weighted prevalence (per 100,000)a n (95% CI)	p-value
Total	61,763	50	81 (61–107)	79 (55–115)		173	280 (241–325)	235 (187–296)		221	358 (314–408)	322 (260–399)
Sex					0.004				<0.001				<0.001
Male	27,150	34	125 (89–175)	118 (78–180)		138	508 (430–600)	390 (309–491)		175	645 (556–747)	522 (420–648)
Female	34,613	16	46 (28–75)	42 (23–79)		35	101 (72–141)	89 (60–134)		46	133 (100–177)	133 (89–198)
Age group					<0.001b				<0.001b				0.001b
15–24	6,542	0	0	0		4	61 (23–163)	49 (19–127)	<0.001c	4	61 (23–163)	63 (18–226)	0.007c
25–34	10,191	9	88 (46–170)	109 (55–218)	0.218c	13	128 (74–220)	142 (76–264)	0.051c	17	167 (104–268)	203 (114–360)	0.049c
35–44	11,508	8	70 (35–139)	69 (35–134)	0.637c	21	182 (119–280)	185 (111–308)	0.263c	31	269 (190–383)	287 (180–454)	0.556c
45–54	13,289	15	113 (68–187)	123 (72–211)	0.056c	42	316 (233–427)	344 (239–496)	0.034c	50	376 (285–496)	423 (300–597)	0.113c
55–64	11,143	13	117 (68–201)	130 (68–251)	0.116c	52	466 (356–612)	505 (365–698)	<0.001c	62	556 (434–713)	618 (463–823)	<0.001c
≥ 65	9,090	5	55 (23–132)	55 (18–167)	0.515c	41	451 (332–612)	446 (317–629)	<0.001c	57	627 (484–812)	689 (511–930)	<0.001c
Area					0.034				0.004				0.024
Urban	18,656	27	145 (99–211)	140 (86–228)	0.008c	75	402 (321–504)	342 (252–463)	0.008c	90	482 (393–593)	445 (327–604)	0.020c
Remote	15,882	13	82 (48–141)	76 (44–133)	0.893c	44	277 (206–372)	247 (148–414)	0.818c	52	327 (250–429)	309 (181–526)	0.852c
Rural	27,225	10	37 (20–68)	37 (15–93)	0.032c	54	198 (152–259)	152 (108–215)	0.003c	79	290 (233–362)	241 (182–572)	0.027c
Region					0.129				0.159				0.297
North	25,575	10	39 (21–73)	44 (22–86)	0.131c	49	192 (145–253)	168 (105–267)	0.102c	70	274 (217–346)	262 (180–380)	0.173c
central	13,525	14	104 (61–175)	92 (48–176)	0.044c	42	311 (230–420)	253 (152–423)	0.067c	49	362 (274–479)	316 (181–552)	0.939c
South	22,663	26	115 (78–168)	106 (62–182)	0.640c	82	362 (292–449)	289 (216–385)	0.749c	102	450 (371–546)	380 (287–504)	0.163c

No: number; CI: confidence interval; N/A: Not available

^a Weighted prevalence: estimated prevalence after missing data imputation, inverse probability weighting and post-stratification (see more in the Data collection and analysis section)

^b p-value for trend, obtain by Wald test

^c p-value for the difference between this age group/area/region with other groups combined, obtained with logit regression