Table 1. Characteristics of Pediatric Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes in Germany From March 13 Through May 13, 2020, During the COVID-19 Pandemic, and During the Same Period in 2019 and 2018.
| Characteristics | No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| March 13 to May 13, 2020 (n = 532) | March 13 to May 13, 2019 (n = 503) | March 13 to May 13, 2018 (n = 456) | |
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), y | 9.9 (5.8-12.9) | 9.1 (5.5-12.6) | 9.7 (5.8-13.2) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 327 (61.5) | 263 (52.3) | 254 (55.7) |
| Female | 205 (38.5) | 240 (47.7) | 202 (44.3) |
| Age groups, y | |||
| <6 | 135 (25.4) | 147 (29.2) | 120 (26.3) |
| 6-11 | 232 (43.6) | 211 (42.0) | 186 (40.8) |
| 12-18 | 165 (31.0) | 145 (28.8) | 150 (32.9) |
| Immigrant backgrounda | 147 (27.6) | 127 (25.2) | 115 (25.2) |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis by age group, yb | |||
| All | 238 (44.7) | 123 (24.5) | 110 (24.1) |
| <6 | 70 (51.9) | 27 (18.4) | 29 (24.2) |
| 6-11 | 94 (40.5) | 58 (27.5) | 50 (26.9) |
| 12-18 | 74 (44.8) | 38 (26.2) | 31 (20.7) |
| Severe diabetic ketoacidosis by age group, yb | |||
| All | 103 (19.4) | 70 (13.9) | 56 (12.3) |
| <6 | 33 (24.4) | 18 (12.2) | 14 (11.7) |
| 6-11 | 44 (19.0) | 30 (14.2) | 25 (13.4) |
| 12-18 | 26 (15.8) | 22 (15.2) | 17 (11.3) |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Immigrant background was defined as patient or at least 1 parent born outside Germany.
b
Diabetic ketoacidosis: pH level <7.3 and/or serum bicarbonate level <15 mmol/L; severe diabetic ketoacidosis: pH level <7.1 and/or serum bicarbonate level <5 mmol/L.