TGF-β1 induces the expression of p68 and knockdown of p68 reverses TGF-β1 induced upregulation of fibrotic markers in cystic renal epithelial cells. (A, B) The expression of p68, fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen-1 and TGF-β1 was examined with Western blot (A) and qRT-PCR (B) analysis in Pkd1 homozygous PN24 cells transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA for 24 h and then treated with or without TGF-β1 (2 µg/ml) for 24 h. (C, D) The expression of p68, fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen-1 and TGF-β1 was examined by Western blot (C) and qRT-PCR (D) analysis in Pkd1 null MEK cells transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA for 24 h and then treated with or without TGF-β1 (2 µg/ml) for 24 h.