TABLE 3.
Adjusted associations of tertiles of sex steroid hormones with the prevalence and extent of inflammation in prostate biopsy cores in 247 controls in the placebo arm of the PCPT
| Prostate biopsy cores with inflammation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Any | Some | All | ||||
| N | N | OR (95% CI)a | N | OR (95% CI) | N | OR (95% CI) | |
| Estradiol | |||||||
| T1 | 17 | 64 | 1 (Ref) | 39 | 1 (Ref) | 25 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 21 | 61 | 0.70 (0.33–1.48) | 44 | 0.83 (0.38–1.84) | 17 | 0.48 (0.19–1.21) |
| T3 | 17 | 65 | 0.96 (0.44–2.06) | 44 | 1.07 (0.47–2.39) | 21 | 0.78 (0.31–1.93) |
| P-trend | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.58 | ||||
| Free estradiol | |||||||
| T1 | 15 | 66 | 1 (Ref) | 42 | 1 (Ref) | 24 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 18 | 64 | 0.74 (0.34–1.63) | 41 | 0.75 (0.33–1.71) | 23 | 0.72 (0.29–1.82) |
| T3 | 22 | 60 | 0.63 (0.29–1.33) | 44 | 0.71 (0.32–1.57) | 16 | 0.46 (0.18–1.17) |
| P-trend | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.11 | ||||
| Estrone | |||||||
| T1 | 14 | 66 | 1 (Ref) | 36 | 1 (Ref) | 30 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 23 | 58 | 0.49 (0.23–1.05) | 41 | 0.63 (0.28–1.43) | 17 | 0.30 (0.12–0.75) |
| T3 | 18 | 63 | 0.75 (0.34–1.66) | 49 | 1.06 (0.46–2.43) | 14 | 0.36 (0.14–0.95) |
| P-trend | 0.57 | 0.75 | 0.036 | ||||
| Testosterone | |||||||
| T1 | 25 | 57 | 1 (Ref) | 35 | 1 (Ref) | 22 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 14 | 68 | 1.95 (0.92–4.16) | 48 | 2.26 (1.02–5.02) | 20 | 1.45 (0.59–3.61) |
| T3 | 16 | 66 | 1.91 (0.91–4.02) | 44 | 2.06 (0.94–4.54) | 22 | 1.67 (0.69–4.07) |
| P-trend | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.26 | ||||
| Free testosterone | |||||||
| T1 | 24 | 58 | 1 (Ref) | 37 | 1 (Ref) | 21 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 16 | 67 | 1.79 (0.86–3.76) | 44 | 1.84 (0.84–4.03) | 23 | 1.71 (0.71–4.16) |
| T3 | 15 | 67 | 2.19 (1.01–4.74) | 46 | 2.31 (1.02–5.21) | 21 | 1.97 (0.77–5.00) |
| P-trend | 0.050 | 0.047 | 0.16 | ||||
| SHBG | |||||||
| T1 | 23 | 59 | 1 (Ref) | 43 | 1 (Ref) | 16 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 17 | 65 | 1.43 (0.68–2.97) | 39 | 1.18 (0.55–2.56) | 26 | 2.11 (0.86–5.19) |
| T3 | 15 | 67 | 1.46 (0.68–3.12) | 45 | 1.38 (0.62–3.06) | 22 | 1.67 (0.65–4.30) |
| P-trend | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.37 | ||||
| Androstanediol glucuronide | |||||||
| T1 | 15 | 67 | 1 (Ref) | 40 | 1 (Ref) | 27 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 20 | 63 | 0.70 (0.33–1.51) | 44 | 0.82 (0.37–1.84) | 19 | 0.52 (0.21–1.28) |
| T3 | 20 | 62 | 0.77 (0.36–1.67) | 43 | 0.89 (0.39–2.00) | 19 | 0.59 (0.24–1.47) |
| P-trend | 0.58 | 0.83 | 0.31 | ||||
| Testosterone/estradiol ratio | |||||||
| T1 | 24 | 57 | 1 (Ref) | 34 | 1 (Ref) | 23 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 16 | 66 | 1.65 (0.79–3.44) | 47 | 1.97 (0.90–4.30) | 19 | 1.15 (0.47–2.80) |
| T3 | 15 | 67 | 1.96 (0.93–4.14) | 46 | 2.24 (1.01–4.94) | 21 | 1.53 (0.63–3.74) |
| P-trend | 0.083 | 0.056 | 0.33 | ||||
| Estrone/estradiol ratio | |||||||
| T1 | 17 | 63 | 1 (Ref) | 37 | 1 (Ref) | 26 | 1 (Ref) |
| T2 | 18 | 63 | 1.05 (0.49–2.27) | 42 | 1.17 (0.52–2.65) | 21 | 0.88 (0.36–2.17) |
| T3 | 20 | 61 | 0.94 (0.44–1.99) | 47 | 1.20 (0.55–2.65) | 14 | 0.53 (0.21–1.35) |
| P-trend | 0.85 | 0.66 | 0.19 | ||||
Cutoffs for tertiles T1, T2, and T3, respectively, of hormone concentrations were the following: testosterone: <306, 306 to <407, ≥407 ng/dL; free testosterone: <71.5, 71.5 to <88.4, ≥88.4 pg/mL; SHBG < 31.8, 31.8 to <43.6, ≥43.6 nmol/L; androstanediol glucuronide < 4.71, 4.71 to <6.83, ≥6.83 ng/mL; estradiol: <29.6, 29.6 to 36.7, ≥36.7 pg/mL; free estradiol: <0.59, 0.59 to <0.75, ≥0.75 pg/mL; estrone: <37.2; 37.2 to <47.2, ≥47.2 pg/mL; testosterone/estradiol: <95.8, 95.8 to 129, ≥129; estrone/estradiol: <1.15, 1.15 to <1.47, ≥1.47.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PCPT, Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.
OR calculated using logistic regression (any vs no [ref] cores with inflammation) and polytomous logistic regression (none [ref], some, all cores with inflammation) and adjusted for age, race, and family history of prostate cancer.