Table 2.
Effect of the essential oil of C. citratus and carvacrol on DMBA induced breast carcinogenesis in rats.
| Parameter/Groups | DMBA | DMBA + EOCc50 | DMBA + EOCc100 | DMBA + EOCc200 | DMBA + CARV-50 | DMBA + CARV-100 | DMBA + CARV-200 | DMBA + EOCc100 CARV-100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of tumors | 16.00 | 11.00 | 10.00 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 4.00 * | 9.00 | 7.00 |
| Animals with tumors/total of animals | 6/6 | 4/6 | 5/6 | 5/6 | 4/6 | 2/6 | 5/6 | 4/6 |
| Frequency of tumors per group | 2.67 ± 0.33 | 1.83 ± 0.65 (−31%) | 1.67 ± 0.42 (−37%) | 1.50 ± 0.43 (−44%) | 1.50 ± 0.62 (−44%) | 0.67 ± 0.49 * (−75%) | 1.50 ± 0.43 (−44%) | 1.17 ± 0.31 (−56%) |
| Tumor latency (days) | 65.17 ± 2.78 | 71.00 ± 5.11 | 75.40 ± 3.12 | 76.20 ± 3.06 | 72.50 ± 4.17 | 79.00 ± 7.00 | 76.60 ± 3.08 | 77.25 ± 3.66 |
| Tumor incidence (%) | 100.00 | 66.67 (−33%) | 83.33 (−17%) | 83.33 (−17%) | 66.67 (−33%) | 33.33 (−67%) | 83.33 (−17%) | 66.67 (−33%) |
| Average tumor volume (cm3) | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.05 * | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.03 |
| Cumulative tumor volume (cm3) | 6.10 ± 0.05 | 3.64 ± 0.10 | 3.21 ± 0.15 | 2.72 ± 0.05 | 2.53 ± 0.08 | 0.44 ± 0.01 * | 2.18 ± 0.02 | 1.62 ± 0.01 * |
Values expressed as mean ± SEM. EOCc; essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus, CARV; carvacrol. * Significant difference from the DMBA group (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test.