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. 2020 Jul 10;9(7):1664. doi: 10.3390/cells9071664

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The redox state of HMGB1 determines the activity of the protein. Chemokine production and leukocyte recruitment are mediated by all-thiol-HMGB1. In turn, disulfide-HMGB1 facilitates the release of proinflammatory cytokines. During resolution of inflammation, reactive oxygen species inactivate HMGB1 by inducing the terminal oxidation of the protein [16]. Reprinted by permission from RightsLink Copyright Clearance Center: Springer Nature; Molecular Medicine. Tang, D.; Billiar, T.A.; Lotze, M.T. A Janus tale of two active HMGB1 redox states. 2012. doi:10.2119/molmed.2012.00314. License number: 4832451166310.