Table 4.
List of the protein removal (PPT) methodologies.
| Matrix | Technique | Effectiveness | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant food, plasma | Salting out | Residual ion suppression in ESI | [162,163] |
| Plasma, Urine | Precipitation with organic solvents | Not effective for other interference removal like phospholipids, lipids, aminoacids | [3,12,125,129,164,165,166] |
| Plasma, serum | ZnSO4 solution | Effective for PPT and decrease the phospholipids amount | [169,170] |
| Urine | Restricted access, volatile supramolecular solvents (RAM-VOL-SUPRAS) | Avoids or dramatically reduces the ME. | [171] |
| Fish muscle- Breast Milk | Protein-lipid removal filter cartridges (Captiva ND Lipids) | The best option to reduce ME in LC-MS applications | [172] |