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Profiling of tumor-associated exosomal proteins in clinical serum samples collected from healthy donors (n = 6), patients with hepatitis B (n = 12), and patients with HCC (n = 12). Discrimination of healthy, hepatitis B, and HCC patients by (i) CEA, (ii) GPC-3 and (iii) PD-L1 profiling using (A) NAISA and (B) ELISA. Heat maps of the protein profiles for each sample obtained using (A) NAISA (B) and ELISA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns = no significant difference.
