Failure of the utricle and saccule to separate in Rdh10 cKO and Aldh1a3−/− mutant ears. (A-D) Lateral views of the paint-filled, right inner ears at E16.5. (A) A single injection of paint solution into the cochlea (arrow) filled only the cochlear duct (cd), saccule (sac) and endolymphatic duct (ed) and endolymphatic sac in Foxg1Cre; Rdh10flox/+ controls. (B) A single injection of paint solution into a similar location in Rdh10 cKO (arrow) filled the entire membranous labyrinth owing to failure of the utricle (ut) and saccule to separate (*). (C,D) Compared with the Aldh1a3+/− control (C), which requires two injections (arrows) to fill the membranous labyrinth, a single injection into the cochlear duct (arrow) fills the entire labyrinth in Aldh1a3−/− inner ear (D). A and B are siblings from the same litter and likewise for C and D. Orientations: A, anterior; D, dorsal. Scale bar: 1 mm.