Fig. 1. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with first episode psychosis after 4-week treatment with amisulpride.

a Bimodal distribution of total PANSS changes after 4-week amisulpride treatment in first episode psychosis patients (n = 188). Theorical distribution for the whole sample is represented in black. Gaussian probability density functions were obtained by the estimated PANSS changes mixture function and showed two subgroups with poor (red) and good (blue) symptoms improvement. b Volcano plots of DEGs in good (n = 113) and poor (n = 75) responders before and after 4-week amisulpride treatment. Genes over- and under-expressed after Benjamini–Hochberg correction (FDR < 0.1) are shown in red and green, respectively. c Venn diagram representing the overlap between the 32 DEGs identified in good responders of the current study and genes that have been previously reported to be differentially expressed in brain or blood from patients with schizophrenia (SZ) when compared with controls, or after antipsychotic (AP) medication. Either the number of genes or their name is reported in each part of the diagram. Genes for which differential expression has been validated in our replication cohort are shown in bold. *indicates genes that were differentially expressed between good and poor responders before amisulpride treatment. FC Fold change.