Table 3.
Characteristics of study participants post weight-loss including differential features between sub-groups.
| ALL (36) | Age Group (n) | Sex Group (n) | BMI Group (n) | Android:Gynoid Fat Group(n) | Weight-Loss Response Group(n) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| YA (20) | OA (16) | Male (9) | Female (27) | HIBMI (24) | LOBMI (12) | HIAG (23) | LOAG (13) | HIres (18) | LOres (18) | ||
| Age (year) | 45.7 ± 15.8 | 33.0 ± 6.9 * | 61.6 ± 5.9 * | 44.9 ± 17.7 | 46.0 ± 15.4 | 42.8 ± 15.0 | 51.5 ± 16.3 | 50.0 ± 16.1 * | 38.0 ± 12.1 * | 44.0 ± 16.3 | 47.4 ± 15.5 |
| Body weight (kg) | 91.4 ± 22.2 | 95.7 ± 22.3 | 86.1 ± 21.5 | 101.2 ± 29.6 | 88.2 ± 18.6 | 100.8 ± 21.0 * | 72.7 ± 7.9 * | 95.4 ± 24.8 | 84.4 ± 14.8 | 98.7 ± 25.6 * | 84.2 ± 15.7 * |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.1 ± 6.6 | 31.6 ± 6.5 | 30.5 ± 7.0 | 30.6 ± 7.4 | 31.3 ± 6.5 | 34.3 ± 5.8 * | 24.7 ± 1.7 * | 32.1 ± 7.1 | 29.4 ± 5.7 | 32.9 ± 7.2 | 29.3 ± 5.7 |
| Hip (cm) | 113.0 ± 14.5 | 115.4 ± 12.4 | 110.0 ± 16.6 | 109.7 ± 10.9 | 114.1 ± 15.5 | 118.7 ± 14.3 * | 101.7 ± 5.2 * | 113.2 ± 16.2 | 112.7 ± 11.3 | 116.2 ± 14.5 | 109.9 ± 14.1 |
| Waist (cm) | 103.6 ± 16.4 | 104.6 ± 16.3 | 102.4 ± 16.9 | 106.9 ± 20.9 | 102.5 ± 14.9 | 109.9 ± 16.0 * | 91.0 ± 7.7 * | 107.5 ± 18.1 $ | 96.7 ± 9.9 $ | 109.7 ± 17.8 * | 97.5 ± 12.5 * |
| Waist:hip | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 * | 0.9 ± 0.1 * | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.03 | 0.9 ± 0.1 * | 0.9 ± 0.1* | 0.9 ± 0.1* | 0.9 ± 0.1* |
| Total FM (kg) | 34.8 ± 13.1 | 36.7 ± 13.1 | 32.5 ± 13.3 | 30.5 ± 15.8 | 36.3 ± 12.1 | 40.4 ± 12.2 * | 23.7 ± 5.8 * | 35.9 ± 14.5 | 33.0 ± 10.5 | 37.5 ± 15.3 | 32.1 ± 10.3 |
| Total FFM (kg) | 57.5 ± 12.4 | 60.0 ± 12.7 | 54.5 ± 11.8 | 71.7 ± 14.6 * | 52.8 ± 7.1 * | 61.3 ± 13.0 * | 50.1 ± 6.8 * | 60.3 ± 14.3 $ | 52.6 ± 5.6 $ | 62.1 ± 13.8 * | 53.0 ± 9.2 * |
| Total body fat% | 36.9 ± 7.8 | 37.2 ± 7.8 | 36.5 ± 8.0 | 28.3 ± 6.7 * | 39.7 ± 5.9 * | 39.3 ± 7.3 * | 32.0 ± 6.7 * | 36.5 ± 8.5 | 37.7 ± 6.7 | 36.6 ± 8.6 | 37.2 ± 7.2 |
| Android FM (kg) | 2.9 ± 13.7 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.4 * | 1.9 ± 0.6 * | 3.3 ± 1.5 $ | 2.4 ± 0.8 $ | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.1 |
| Android FFM (kg) | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 5.7 ± 1.7 * | 4.3 ± 0.8 * | 5.0 ± 1.3 * | 3.9 ± 0.8 * | 5.0 ± 1.3 * | 3.9 ± 0.6 * | 5.1 ± 1.5 * | 4.2 ± 0.7 * |
| Android Fat% | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 9.0 ± 1.6 * | 8.0 ± 1.2 * | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.2 | 8.9 ± 1.1 * | 7.1 ± 1.0 * | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 8.0 ± 1.4 |
| Gynoid FM (kg) | 5.7 ± 2.2 | 6.2 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 6.5 ± 2.1 * | 4.0 ± 0.8* | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 2.1 | 6.0 ± 2.4 | 5.4 ± 1.9 |
| Gynoid FFM (kg) | 9.2 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 2.2 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 2.7 * | 8.5 ± 1.5 * | 9.9 ± 2.2 * | 7.7 ± 1.1 * | 9.5 ± 2.4 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 9.9 ± 2.4 * | 8.4 ± 1.6 * |
| Gynoid Fat% | 16.4 ± 2.1 | 16.9 ± 2.2 | 15.8 ± 2.0 | 15.7 ± 2.1 | 16.7 ± 2.1 | 16.1 ± 2.3 | 17.1 ± 1.6 | 15.4 ± 1.7 * | 18.2 ± 1.6 * | 16.0 ± 2.2 | 16.8 ± 2.1 |
| Android:gynoid fat | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 * | 0.5 ± 0.1 * | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 * | 0.4 ± 0.1 * | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| A1C (%) | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 * | 5.1 ± 0.5 * | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.5 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.9 ± 18.2 | 124.6 ± 17.1 | 132.1 ± 19.2 | 131.2 ± 14.9 | 126.8 ± 19.3 | 130.3 ± 19.4 | 123.0 ± 15.0 | 132.3 ± 18.5 * | 120.1 ± 15.2 * | 129.2 ± 21.3 | 126.6 ± 15.0 |
| DiastolicBP (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 9.7 | 73.4 ± 9.2 | 77.9 ± 10.0 | 78.8 ± 7.2 | 74.3 ± 10.2 | 76.1 ± 9.9 | 73.9 ± 9.5 | 78.2 ± 8.7* | 70.5 ± 9.6 * | 76.4 ± 10.1 | 74.4 ± 9.5 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74.0 ± 12.4 | 77.6 ± 11.2 * | 69.6 ± 12.7 * | 68.6 ± 11.9 | 75.8 ± 12.2 | 75.2 ± 11.9 | 71.6 ± 13.6 | 73.7 ± 14.4 | 74.5 ± 8.3 | 72.8 ± 12.7 | 75.2 ± 12.3 |
Data are Mean ± SD; p ≤ 0.05 (*) and p = 0.06–0.08 ($) shown for differences between categorical sub-groups. n, number of participants; BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; FFM, fat free mass; BP, blood pressure; A1C, glycated hemoglobin as percent of total hemoglobin; YA, young adults; OA, older adults; HI, high; LO, low; res, response.