Emma S Winkler
Emma S Winkler
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,2,#,
Adam L Bailey
Adam L Bailey
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2,#,
Natasha M Kafai
Natasha M Kafai
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,2,
Sharmila Nair
Sharmila Nair
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,
Broc T McCune
Broc T McCune
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,
Jinsheng Yu
Jinsheng Yu
3Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
3,
Julie M Fox
Julie M Fox
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,
Rita E Chen
Rita E Chen
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,2,
James T Earnest
James T Earnest
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,
Shamus P Keeler
Shamus P Keeler
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,4,
Jon H Ritter
Jon H Ritter
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2,
Liang-I Kang
Liang-I Kang
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2,
Sarah Dort
Sarah Dort
5SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Montreal, Quebec Canada
5,
Annette Robichaud
Annette Robichaud
5SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Montreal, Quebec Canada
5,
Richard Head
Richard Head
3Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
3,
Michael J Holtzman
Michael J Holtzman
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,4,
Michael S Diamond
Michael S Diamond
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
6Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
7The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
1,2,6,7,✉
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
2Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
3Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
5SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Montreal, Quebec Canada
6Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
7The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
Subject terms: SARS-CoV-2, Antimicrobial responses
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2020
This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.