. 2020 Aug 10;25(16):3643. doi: 10.3390/molecules25163643

Table 1.

Impact of the drying techniques on parameters A, k and n of the modified Page’s model used to describe the drying kinetics of loquat fruit and MC (moisture content), a_w (water activity) and color coordinates (L*, a*, b* C*, H°, ΔE).

Treatment ^±	Drying Kinetics $M R = A \cdot e^{- k \cdot τ^{n}}$					RMSE ^‡	R ²	MC (g/100 g ww)	a_w	Color Coordinates ^¥
	A	k	n	$τ$						Color Coordinates ^¥
	A	k	n	CD	VMD					L*	a*	b*	C*	H°*	ΔE
FD	- ^λ	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.80 ± 0.09 ^c	0.184 ± 0.001 ^c	54.4 ± 0.3 ^a	9.17 ± 0.12 ^ab	20.9 ± 0.6 ^a	22.8 ± 0.6 ^a	66.3 ± 0.9 ^a	7.1 ± 2.4 ^c
CD 50	1	0.013	0.96	660	-	0.0049	0.9998	8.38 ± 0.07 ^a	0.383 ± 0.007 ^a	38.2 ± 2.3 ^b	10.20 ± 1.27 ^a	15.7 ± 3.3 ^ab	18.7 ± 3.5 ^b	56.7 ± 2.5 ^bc	11.2 ± 3.5 ^b
CD 60	1	0.011	1.04	540	-	0.0052	0.9997	6.76 ± 0.05 ^ab	0.321 ± 0.001 ^ab	41.0 ± 4.4 ^b	12.10 ± 3.47 ^a	18.5 ± 6.3 ^a	22.3 ± 7.2 ^a	56.5 ± 1.5 ^bc	9.7 ± 3.4 ^c
CD 70	1	0.013	1.08	420	-	0.0059	0.9997	5.19 ± 0.43 ^b	0.282 ± 0.009 ^b	36.7 ± 1.8 ^c	8.02 ± 2.21 ^b	13.1 ± 2.0 ^ab	15.4 ± 2.9 ^c	58.7 ± 3.1 ^b	13.8 ± 2.7 ^b
VMD 240	1	0.053	1.02	-	112	0.0089	0.9988	8.24 ± 0.29 ^a	0.366 ± 0.030 ^a	34.4 ± 2.5 ^d	7.88 ± 2.03 ^b	9.2 ± 3.1 ^b	12.1 ± 3.7 ^d	49.1 ± 2.3 ^d	18.0 ± 4.0 ^a
VMD 360	1	0.072	1.03	-	81	0.0142	0.9970	7.06 ± 0.58 ^a	0.352 ± 0.070 ^a	33.4 ± 0.7 ^d	7.55 ± 0.91 ^b	7.6 ± 0.5 ^c	10.7 ± 1 ^e	45.4 ± 1.4 ^d	19.8 ± 0.9 ^a
VMD 480	1	0.079	1.13	-	48	0.0098	0.9987	7.49 ± 0.09 ^a	0.336 ± 0.012 ^a	36.0 ± 1.3 ^c	8.30 ± 0.39 ^b	10.8 ± 2.1 ^b	13.7 ± 1.9 ^cd	52.2 ± 4.1 ^c	15.6 ± 2.3 ^a
CPD-VMFD	0.086	0.259	0.729	180	30	0.0046	0.9595	6.39 ± 0.23 ^ab	0.303 ± 0.016 ^ab	39.7 ± 0.1 ^b	8.94 ± 0.95 ^ab	15.7 ± 0.2 ^ab	18.0 ± 0.7 ^b	60.3 ± 2.3 ^b	9.7 ± 0.9 ^c

^± Freeze drying (FD), convective drying (CD) at 50 °C (CD 50), 60 °C (CD 60) and 70 °C (CD 70); vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) at 240 W (VMD 240), 360 W (VMD 360) and 480 W (VMD 480) and combined drying (CPD-VMFD). ^¥ Mean values followed by different letter, within the same column, were significantly different (p < 0.05). ^‡ RMSE: root mean square error.; ^λ “-“ means no data available of this parameters.