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A scheme of the BCAA–branched-chain keto acid (BCKA) cycle between the muscles and visceral tissues. In the muscles, BCAAs are the main donor of nitrogen to α-KG to form glutamate, which may be converted to alanine or act as a substrate for GLN synthesis. The main sources of nitrogen for the amination of BCKAs to BCAAs in the visceral tissues are GLN, glutamate, and alanine.
