Table 3.
Daily energy and nutrients intake (from diet and dietetic products and supplements) in cases and control studied.
| Daily Intake from Diet and Dietetic Products and Supplements | Cases (n = 308) | Control (n = 308) | p a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1774.3 ± 388.0 | 1743.1 ± 390.9 | 0.205 |
| Macronutrients | |||
| Protein, % TEI | 15.7 b ± 2.3 | 16.1 ± 7.1 | 0.681 |
| NOSP, 10–15% TEI | |||
| Carbohydrates,% TEI | 36.2 ± 4.9 | 36.7 ± 5.6 | 0.277 |
| NOSP, 50–60% TEI | |||
| Fat, %TEI | 42.5 ± 4.5 | 42.1 ± 5.1 | 0.256 |
| NOSP, <30–35% | |||
| SFA, % TEI | 12.7 ± 2.5 | 12.4 ± 2.8 | 0.179 |
| NOSP, <7–8% TEI | |||
| MUFA, % TEI | 19.6 ± 2.7 | 19.7 ± 2.8 | 0.631 |
| NOSP, 20% TEI | |||
| PUFA, % TEI | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 6.3 ± 1.7 | 0.183 |
| NOSP, 5% TEI | |||
| Minerals and electrolytes | |||
| Calcium, mg | 759.4 ± 238.0 | 780.6 ± 227.0 | 0.225 |
| NOSP, 800–1000 mg | |||
| Phosphorus, mg | 1220.2 ± 314.5 | 1207.9 ± 297.6 | 0.648 |
| Ca:P c | 0.6 ± 0.1 b | 0.6 ± 0.1 b | 0.009 |
| NOSP, 1,3:1 | |||
| Iron, mg | 14.1 ± 3.9 | 14.4 ± 4.2 | 0.765 |
| Magneisum, mg | 263.1 b ± 73.7 | 263.8 ± 63.1 b | 0.760 |
| Potassium, mg | 2616.0 ± 615.3 | 2627.7 ± 610.2 | 0.954 |
| Iodine, µg | 88.8 ± 39.9 | 87.3 ± 24.7 | 0.961 |
| NOSP, 150 µg | |||
| Sodium d, mg | 1950.8 ± 1041.4 | 1820.1 ± 1004.3 | 0.081 |
| NOSP, <2000 mg/d | |||
| Selenium, µg | 88.3 ± 24.3 | 87.3 ± 24.4 | 0.682 |
| Copper, mg | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.568 |
| Zinc, mg | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 9.3 ± 2.9 | 0.375 |
| Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin B1, mg/1000 kcal | 1.0 ± 7.6 e | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.003 |
| NOSP, 0.4 mg/1000 kcal | |||
| Vitamin B2 f, mg/1000 kcal | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.002 |
| NOSP, 0.6 mg/1000 kcal | |||
| Vitamin B3, mg/1000 kcal | 17.1 ± 3.3 | 17.2 ± 3.3 | 0.117 |
| NOSP, 6.6 mg/1000 kcal | |||
| Vitamin B6 (mg)/protein (g) | 0.04 ± 0.2 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.020 |
| NOSP, >0.02 vitamin B6 (mg)/protein (g) | |||
| Folate, µg | 267.2 ± 80.1 | 273.3 ± 76.5 | 0.406 |
| NOSP, >300–400 µg | |||
| Vitamin B12, µg | 6.7 ± 28.5 e | 4.9 ± 1.7 | 0.094 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 149.3 ± 66.0 | 147.8 ± 59.9 | 0.611 |
| Vitamin A, µg | 532.4 ± 206.9 | 522.0 ± 181.4 | 0.420 |
| Vitamin D, µg | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 0.799 |
| NOSP (>50 y old), 10 µg | |||
| Vitamin E, mg | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.139 |
| NOSP, >0.4 vitamin E (mg)/PUFA (g) | |||
| Others | |||
| Cholesterol, mg | 274.7 b ± 96.7 | 256.2 ± 95.3 | 0.019 |
| Fiber, g | 19.9 ± 6.5 | 20.1 ± 6.0 | 0.459 |
| Caffeine, mg | 15.1 ± 9.7 | 13.8 ± 11.7 | 0.025 |
Ca:P: calcium:phosphorus ratio; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; NOSP, Nutritional objectives for the Spanish population; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; SD, standard deviation; SFA: saturated fatty acids; TEI: total energy intake. a Differences between cases and controls. b This variable followed a normal distribution. c Ca:P was 0.62 ± 0.12 in cases and 0.65 ± 0.13 in controls. d Sodium from foods; does not include the amount of salt added. e This high SD is due to the use of nutritional supplements by one of the cases. f Vitamin B2 intake per 1000 kcal was 0.86 ± 0.23 in cases and 0.92 ± 0.23 in controls.