Table 2.

Cumulative mortality of Sitophilus zeamais due to treatment of stored maize with α-pinene and 3-carene by contact.

Period (Days)	Concentration (ppm)	Mortality (%)		F (1,6)
		α-Pinene	3-Carene
1	0	0.00 ± 0.00 A	0.00 ± 0.00 A	83.526 ***
	0.08	2.50 ± 1.44 A	3.75 ± 1.25 A
	4	5.00 ± 2.04 A	8.75 ± 2.39 A
	8	21.25 ± 2.39 B	65.00 ± 6.12 B
	12	61.25 ± 2.39 C	90.00 ± 2.04 C
	F (4,15)	184.544 ***	173.729 ***
	LC50	13.394	6.348
3	0	0.00 ± 0.00 A	0.00 ± 0.00 A	25.138 **
	0.08	6.25 ± 2.39 A	11.50 ± 2.47 B
	4	7.50 ± 1.44 A	14.00 ± 2.27 B
	8	27.75 ± 3.04 B	87.50 ± 3.23 C
	12	78.50 ± 3.84C	98.75 ± 1.25 D
	F (4,5)	163.078 ***	471.845 ***
	LC50	9.720	4.215
7	0	0.00 ± 0.00 A	0.00 ± 0.00 A	7.118 *
	0.08	11.75 ± 2.30 AB	27.50 ± 3.57 B
	4	14.50 ± 3.01 B	35.50 ± 2.72 B
	8	52.00 ± 5.05 C	96.00 ± 2.45 C
	12	94.50 ± 2.06 D	100.00 ± 0.00 C
	F (4,5)	158.057 ***	373.390 ***
	LC50	5.916	2.685
14	0	0.00 ± 0.00 A	0.00 ± 0.00 A	2.951ns
	0.08	20.25 ± 1.11 B	51.50 ± 1.94 B
	4	27.00 ± 3.20 B	57.00 ± 1.68 B
	8	67.50 ± 3.80 C	98.50 ± 1.50 C
	12	97.25 ± 1.60 D	100.00 ± 0.00 C
	F (4,5)	271.545 ***	955.712 ***
	LC50	4.133	1.642

Means ± S.E. in the same column for the same category of insecticide, followed by the same letter do not differ significantly at p = 0.05 (Tukey test). Each datum represents the mean of four replicates of 20 insects each. ^ns: non-significant, *: significant (p < 0.01); **: very significant (p < 0.001); ***: very highly significant.