Table 5.
Inhibition of development of Sitophilus zeamais immature stages due to treatment of stored maize with α-pinene and 3-carene.
| Product | Concentration (ppm) | Proportion of Inhibition (%) | F (1,6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| By Contact | By Fumigation | |||
| α-Pinene | 0 | 0.00 ± 0.00 A | 0.00 ± 0.00 A | // |
| 2 | 38.48 ± 2.53 B | 32.98 ± 7.30 B | 0.507 ns | |
| 4 | 70.44 ± 6.32 C | 57.41 ± 5.12 C | 2.567 ns | |
| 8 | 86.59 ± 3.55 C | 71.28 ± 2.99 C | 10.896 * | |
| 12 | 97.60 ± 1.40 D | 91.29 ± 1.68 D | 8.332 * | |
| F(4,15) | 128.995 *** | 68.551 *** | ||
| 3-Carene | 0 | 0.00 ± 0.00 A | 0.00 ± 0.00 A | // |
| 2 | 44.67 ± 4.53 B | 42.11 ± 6.25 B | 0.110 ns | |
| 4 | 56.10 ± 2.16 B | 66.07 ± 9.77 BC | 0.991 ns | |
| 8 | 85.66 ± 3.70 C | 76.47 ± 4.75 CD | 2.330 ns | |
| 12 | 95.26 ± 1.79 C | 94.65 ± 1.95 D | 0.826 ns | |
| F(4,15) | 168.719 *** | 41.487 *** | ||
Means ± S.E. in the same column for the same category of insecticide, followed by the same letter do not differ significantly at p = 0.05 (Tukey test). Each datum represents the mean of four replicates of 20 insects each. ns non-significant, *: significant (p < 0.01); ***: very highly significant (p < 0.0001).