Table 2.
PLGA-based bone-substitute materials.
| Material | lactic acid/glycolic acid molar ratio | Preparation method | Bioactive factor | Bone defect model | Defect size | Implantation time | Final BV/TV | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA | 75/25 | Unidirectional cooling method | – | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 4 mm | 12 weeks | – | [79] |
| PLGA | 85/15 | Compression molding/particulate leaching method | BM-MSCs | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 5 mm | 12 weeks | – | [76] |
| PLGA | 85/15 | Compression molding/particulate leaching method | BM-MSCs | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 5 mm | 12 weeks | – | [77] |
| PLGA | 75/25 | Compression molding/particulate leaching method | BM-MSCs | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 5 mm | 24 weeks | – | [78] |
| PLGA | 85/15 | Compression molding/particulate leaching method | PRP | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 4 mm | 6 months | 57 ± 14% | [83] |
| PLGA | 85/15 | Gas foaming/salt leaching method | Human AD-MSCs | Rat calvarial defect | Diameter 7 mm | 16 weeks | 11 ± 2.8% | [86] |
| PLGA | 75/25 | ST and FT 3D bioprinting methods | – | – | – | – | – | [72] |
| PLGA | 75/25 | 3D printing method | – | – | – | – | – | [80] |
| PLGA/Artificial extracellular matrix | 85/15 | Solvent casting/particulate leaching method | – | – | – | – | – | [87,88] |
| PLGA/Col | 75/25 | 3D printing method | BMP2-MP | – | – | – | – | [90] |
| PLGA/HA | 85/15 | Compression molding/particulate leaching method | – | Rabbit radius defect | Length 15 mm | 12 weeks | [94] | |
| PLGA/HA | 50/50 | Melt reaction with transesterification method | – | – | – | – | – | [96] |
| PLGA/HA | 75/25 | Solvent casting/particulate leaching method | – | Rabbit hind femoral condyles defect | Diameter 6 mm, depth 5 mm | 12 months | 23 ± 4% | [97] |
| PLGA/HA | 50/50 | Electrospinning and freeze-drying methods | – | – | – | – | – | [99] |
| PLGA/HA | 85/15 | Gas foaming/salt leaching method | BM-MSCs | Rabbit articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 4 mm, depth 5 mm | 16 weeks | – | [98] |
| PLGA/HA | 85/15 | Electrospinning method | Insulin | – | – | – | – | [105] |
| PLGA/HA | – | Double emulsion solvent evaporation method | BMP-2 and VEGF | – | – | – | – | [106] |
| PLGA/HA | 50/50 | Combining phase separation/particulate leaching method | rhBMP-7 | Mice calvarial defect | Diameter 4 mm | 8 weeks | – | [108] |
| PLGA/HA | 75/25 | 3D printing method | rhBMP-2 | Rabbit mandible defect | Length 13 mm, width 6 mm, height 4 mm | 12 weeks | 33.7% | [107] |
| PLGA/HA-g-PBLG | 75/25 | Phase inversion/particulate leaching method | – | Rabbit radius defect | Length 20 mm | 12 weeks | – | [100] |
| PLGA/HA-g-PBLG | – | Solvent casting/particulate leaching method | – | Rabbit radius defect | Length 20 mm | 12 weeks | 75% | [101] |
| PLGA/CP | – | Compression molding method | Rabbit BM-MSCs | Rabbit radius defect | Length 15 mm | 8 weeks | – | [109] |
| PLGA/TCP | 50/50 | Rapid prototyping method | VEGF | Rabbit radius defect | Length 15 mm | 8 weeks | – | [114] |
| PLGA/TCP | 75/25 | Low-temperature deposition technique | Icariin | – | – | – | – | [116] |
| PLGA/TCP | 75/25 | 3D printing method | Mg | Rabbit distal femora defect | Diameter 3 mm, length 15 mm | 12 weeks | 8% | [115] |
| PLGA/TCP | 75/25 | 3D printing method | Icariin | Rabbit distal femora defect | Diameter 3 mm, length 20 mm | 12 weeks | – | [117] |
| PLGA/TCP | 75/25 | 3D printing method | Icariin | Rabbit distal femora defect | Diameter 3 mm, length 15 mm | 8 weeks | 7% | [118] |
| PLGA/BG/Col | 50/50 | Single emulsion method | – | Rat calvarial defect | Diameter 5 mm | 6 weeks | – | [122] |
| PLGA/CNTs | – | Solvent casting/particulate leaching method | – | – | – | – | – | [125] |
| PLGA/MgOH | 50/50 | Solvent casting method | – | Rat articular osteochondral defect | Diameter 2 mm, depth 2 mm | 8 weeks | – | [126] |
| PLGA/AKR | 75/25 | Solvent casting/particulate leaching method | iPSCs | Mice calvarial defect | Diameter 4 mm | 8 weeks | – | [124] |