Table 5.

Results of Regression Models for Event-Related Cortical and Autonomic Arousal

Outcome	Night × group p	Study night		Study group		Event type		p
		β*	p	β*	p	β*	p	Sex	Noise sensitivity	Age	Sleep stage	Event number	SSC
EEG arousals	0.517	0.106	0.243	0.201	0.148	−0.412	0.669	0.148	0.882	0.390	<0.001	0.275	—
SSCs	0.443	0.050	0.292	−0.323	0.326	−2.574	0.043	0.101	0.104	0.073	<0.001	0.301	—
HRA†	0.903	0.094	0.317	−0.212	0.344	0.211	0.577	0.402	0.432	0.426	0.002	0.262	<0.001
ΔHRmax†	0.857	0.044	0.090	−0.036	0.488	−0.126	0.234	0.389	0.767	0.756	0.004	0.360	<0.001

Statistically significant effects on variables of interest are highlighted in bold typeface.

SSC, sleep stage change; HRA, heart rate amplitude; ΔHR_max, maximum change in heart rate compared to pre-event baseline.

*Reference categories (β = 0): Control night; Reference group; WTN offset.

†HRA was square-root transformed and ΔHR_max was log-transformed before analysis.