Table 7. Results of subgroup analyses for secondary outcomes.

P_subgroup represents p-values between subgroups.

IH, incisional hernia; I², heterogeneity; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; No Sig. Diff., no significant difference

Outcomes	RCT			Observational studies			Psubgroups	Comments
	N studies	I2 (%)	OR [95% CI]	N studies	I2 (%)	OR [95% CI]
Hematoma	7	2	0.91 [0.27, 3.07]	3	0	1.21 [0.34, 4.39]	0.75	No Sig. Diff.
Surgical Site Infection	12	25	1.13 [0.74, 1.75]	6	0	0.93 [0.50, 1.72]	0.60	No Sig. Diff.
Wound dehiscence	6	0	0.91 [0.35, 2.36]	2	0	0.25 [0.04, 1.59]	0.22	No Sig. Diff.
Gastrointestinal complications	6	0	1.52 [0.74, 3.11]	2	0	1.14 [0.35, 3.64]	0.68	No Sig. Diff.
Operating time (minutes)	5	84	16.03 [-6.51, 38.56]	3	78	-2.73 [-31.18, 25.73]	0.31	No Sig. Diff.
Length of Hospital stay (days)	2	0	0.04 [-1.47, 1.55]	5	0	-0.84 [-2.09, 0.40]	0.38	No Sig. Diff.