Table 3.
Summary on solubilization of glycyrrhiza and GL (1).
| No. | Name | TCM Formulae/TCM/Component | Characteristics | Major Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | glycyrrhiza | sijunzi decoction, huangqi dazao decoction, baishao gancao decoction | Glycyrrhiza has solubilization effects in three traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae | The solubilizing components in glycyrrhiza are triterpene saponins | [70] |
| 2 | ephedra | The contents of GL (1), ephedrine, and methephedrine et al. all increase | - | [71] | |
| 3 | epimedium | Icariin in epimedium increases | - | [72] | |
| 4 | curcuma longa | The extractive rate of curcumin double | GL (1) is the main surfactant | [73] | |
| 5 | codonopsis, poria, atractylodes, Baphicacanthus cusia, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Isatidis Radix, and Scutellaria baicalensis | Glycyrrhiza can increase the contents of active ingredients in these TCM | GL (1) is the main surfactant | [74,75,76,77,78] | |
| 6 | Schisandra chinensis | No solubilization effects | One of the possible factors affecting the solubilization is some other crude drugs | [70] | |
| 7 | GL (1) | saikosaponin-a | The contents of saikosaponin-a increase | Solubilizing effect is due to GL (1) | [83] |
| 8 | Ben Lamge granules | The solubility of Ben Lamge granules increases | 1. The surface tension of GL (1) decreases; 2. GL (1) exists in micelles in aqueous solution. |
[82] | |
| 9 | baicalin | The dissolution rate of baicalin increases | - | [84] | |
| 10 | pueraria | The solubility of pueraria increases | Another possible factor affecting the solubilization is the pH value of the solution | [85] | |
| 11 | pachymic acid | Increase the solubility of pachymic acid | Improve the bioavailability of pachymic acid | [69] | |
| 12 | Puerarin-glycyrrhizic acid dispersible tablets | Improve the dissolution of puerarin | GL (1) possesses solubilization effect | [86] |