Table 1.
Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity of blood donors in Tunisia.
| Risk factors | N (positive) | Seroprevalence in % (95% CI) | Univariable |
Multivariable |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Region | ||||||
| Gafsa | 400 (163) | 40.75 (35.93–45.57) | ||||
| Monastir | 400 (192) | 48.00 (43.10–52.90) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | 0.0390 | 1.72 (1.26–2.35) | 0.0010 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 636 (282) | 44.34 (40.48–48.20) | ||||
| Female | 164 (73) | 44.51 (36.91–52.12) | 1.00 (0.71–1.42) | 0.968 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–25 | 290 (99) | 34.14 (28.68–39.60) | ||||
| 26–35 | 240 (140) | 58.33 (52.10–64.57) | 2.70 (1.90–3.84) | <0.0001 | 2.79 (1.93–4.04) | <0.0001 |
| 36–45 | 175 (63) | 36.00 (28.89–43.11) | 1.08 (0.73–1.61) | 0.6831 | 1.04 (0.69–1.58) | 0.8340 |
| >45 | 95 (53) | 55.79 (45.80–65.78) | 2.43 (1.52–3.90) | 0.0002 | 0.60 (0.39–0.93) | 0.0003 |
| Residence area | ||||||
| Rural | 111 (60) | 54.05 (44.78–63.33) | ||||
| Urban | 689 (295) | 42.82 (39.12–46.51) | 0.64 (0.42–0.95) | 0.0280 | 0.30 (0.13–0.71) | 0.0064 |
| Blood group | ||||||
| A | 216 (99) | 45.83 (39.19–52.48) | ||||
| AB | 38 (22) | 57.89 (42.20–73.59) | 1.62 (0.81–3.26) | 0.1724 | 1.90 (0.91–3.93) | 0.086 |
| B | 101 (50) | 49.50 (39.75–59.26) | 1.16 (0.72–1.86) | 0.5418 | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 0.600 |
| O | 445 (184) | 41.35 (36.77–45.92) | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) | 0.2746 | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) | 0.797 |
| RhD | ||||||
| Positive | 725 (321) | 44.28 (40.66–47.89) | ||||
| Negative | 75 (34) | 45.33 (34.07–56.60) | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 0.861 | ||
| Education level | ||||||
| Uneducated | 18 (10) | 55.56 (32.60–78.51) | ||||
| Primary | 136 (68) | 50.0 (41.60–58.40) | 0.80 (0.30–2.15) | 0.6582 | 0.63 (0.22–1.85) | 0.403 |
| Secondary | 321 (146) | 45.48 (40.04–50.93) | 0.67 (0.26–1.73) | 0.4068 | 0.50 (0.18–1.43) | 0.198 |
| University | 325 (131) | 40.31 (34.97–45.64) | 0.54 (0.21–1.40) | 0.2066 | 0.51 (0.18–1.50) | 0.224 |
| Level of income | ||||||
| Low | 71 (35) | 49.30 (37.67–60.93) | ||||
| Intermediate and high | 729 (320) | 43.90 (40.29–47.50) | 1.24 (0.76–2.02) | 0.383 | ||
| Consumption of undercooked meat | ||||||
| No | 698 (298) | 42.69 (39.02–46.36) | ||||
| Yes | 102 (57) | 55.88 (46.25–65.52) | 1.70 (1.12–2.58) | 0.0130 | 1.33 (0.85–2.10) | 0.242 |
| Consumption of unwashed raw vegetables and fruits | ||||||
| No | 361 (150) | 41.55 (36.47–46.63) | ||||
| Yes | 439 (205) | 46.70 (42.03–51.36) | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) | 0.1450 | 0.91 (0.65–1.29) | 0.607 |
| Gardening or practice of agriculture | ||||||
| No | 488 (202) | 41.39 (37.02–45.76) | ||||
| Yes | 312 (153) | 49.04 (43.49–54.59) | 1.36 (1.02–1.81) | 0.0340 | 1.15 (0.84–1.58) | 0.383 |
| Contact with cats | ||||||
| No | 557 (242) | 43.45 (39.33–47.56) | ||||
| Yes | 243 (113) | 46.50 (40.23–52.77) | 1.13 (0.83–1.53) | 0.424 | ||
| Hand washing before eating | ||||||
| No | 214 (122) | 57.01 (50.38–63.64) | ||||
| Yes | 586 (233) | 39.76 (35.80–43.72) | 0.50 (0.36–0.68) | <0.0001 | 0.56 (0.40–0.79) | 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 437 (180) | 41.19 (36.58–45.80) | ||||
| Married | 363 (175) | 48.21 (43.07–53.35) | 1.33 (1.00–1.76) | 0.0470 | 1.24 (0.82–1.89) | 0.304 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Students | 179 (68) | 37.99 (30.88–45.10) | ||||
| Other business | 223 (112) | 50.22 (43.66–56.79) | 1.65 (1.10–2.46) | 0.0145 | 0.72 (0.42–1.26) | 0.254 |
| Unemployed | 163 (62) | 38.04 (30.58–45.49) | 1.00 (0.65–1.55) | 0.9927 | 0.57 (0.31–1.04) | 0.067 |
| Employed | 235 (113) | 48.09 (41.70–54.47) | 1.51 (1.02–2.25) | 0.0406 | 0.74 (0.41–1.33) | 0.319 |
N, number tested; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.