Figure 2.

Host-bacterial interactions in humans: experimental gaps in causal-effect pathways. In this diagram, we illustrate three examples for which the cause-effect pathway is not fully detailed at molecular level in bacterial-host interactions. Mainly, the lack of knowledge is represented in red and by blu dashed lines. Blu solid lines represent what has been validated through experimental procedures (see the text for the details).

Abbreviations: DMR: differentially methylated regions; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay; IL-8: interleukin 8; MAMPS: microbe-associated molecular patterns; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; RT-PCR: real time-polymerase chain reaction; miR: micro-RNA; SP1: transcription factor SP1.