Table 2.
Characteristics of patients who received and did not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Data are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | Received CPR (n=400, 57.1%) | Did not receive CPR (n=301, 42.9%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU beds | |||
| <50 | 237/400 (59.3) | 197/301 (65.4) | 0.10 |
| 50-99 | 82/400 (20.5) | 62/301 (20.6) | 0.99 |
| ≥100 | 81/400 (20.3) | 42/301 (14.0) | 0.04 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years; mean (SD)) | 61 (14) | 67 (14) | <0.001 |
| <45 | 52/400 (13.0) | 16/301 (5.3) | 0.001 |
| 45-64 | 172/400 (43.0) | 105/301 (34.9) | 0.04 |
| 65-79 | 142/400 (39.5) | 128/301 (42.5) | 0.06 |
| ≥80 | 34/400 (8.5) | 52/301 (17.3) | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 266/400 (66.5) | 192/301 (63.8) | 0.46 |
| Race | |||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 84/400 (21.0) | 66/301 (21.9) | 0.78 |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 131/400 (32.8) | 95/301 (31.6) | 0.75 |
| Hispanic | 38/400 (9.5) | 29/301 (9.6) | 0.99 |
| Asian | 26/400 (6.5) | 17/301 (5.6) | 0.75 |
| Unknown | 121/400 (30.3) | 94/301 (31.2) | 0.80 |
| Body mass index (mean (SD))* | 32 (8) | 32 (10) | 0.92 |
| <30 | 150/366 (41.0) | 133/290 (45.9) | 0.23 |
| 30-34 | 114/366 (31.1) | 75/290 (25.9) | 0.14 |
| 35-39 | 47/366 (12.8) | 29/290 (10.0) | 0.27 |
| ≥40 | 55/366 (15.0) | 53/290 (18.3) | 0.29 |
| Coexisting conditions and risk factors† | |||
| Current or former tobacco use* | 171/327 (52.3) | 142/237 (59.9) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 201/400 (50.2) | 139/301 (46.2) | 0.29 |
| Hypertension | 253/400 (63.2) | 222/301 (73.8) | 0.003 |
| Coronary artery disease | 67/400 (16.8) | 46/301 (15.3) | 0.60 |
| Congestive heart failure | 47/400 (11.8) | 31/301 (10.3) | 0.55 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 31/400 (7.8) | 25/301 (8.3) | 0.79 |
| Chronic or end stage kidney disease | 84/400 (21.0) | 64/301 (21.3) | 0.93 |
| Active malignancy | 17/400 (4.3) | 22/301 (7.3) | 0.08 |
| Laboratory values on day of ICU admission (median (IQR)) | |||
| White cell count (per mm3) | 10.1 (7.0-14.3) | 10.1 (7.1-14.4) | 0.70 |
| Lymphocyte count (per mm3) | 9.0 (5.0-14.0) | 7.3 (4.6-12.7) | 0.05 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 (10.6-13.8) | 12.3 (10.6-13.7) | 0.57 |
| Platelet count (103/μL) | 217 (168-284) | 226 (159-291) | 0.99 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.30 (0.90-2.40) | 1.51 (0.96-2.49) | 0.08 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 (2.7-3.5) | 3.1 (2.7-3.5) | 0.94 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 65 (41-120) | 62 (36-99) | 0.15 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 42 (25-76) | 39 (23-59) | 0.04 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 0.6 (0.4-0.9) | 0.75 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.2 (1.3-3.4) | 2 (1.4-2.9) | 0.22 |
| Arterial pH | 7.32 (7.22-7.44) | 7.35 (7.25-7.42) | 0.07 |
| D dimer (ng/mL) | 2637 (1283-8680) | 2180 (1160-7955) | 0.44 |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 157 (83-249) | 190.9 (110-269) | 0.04 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1225 (636-2591) | 1255 (599.43-2784) | 0.84 |
| mSOFA score on ICU admission | |||
| Mean (SD) | 5.9 (3.3) | 6.2 (3.3) | 0.26 |
| Complications‡ | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 257/400 (64.3) | 234/301 (77.7) | <0.001 |
| On extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 13/400 (3.3) | 1/301 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Newly diagnosed reduced left ventricular function§ | 29/400 (7.2) | 19/301 (6.3) | 0.70 |
| Receipt of at least two vasopressors | 226/400 (56.5) | 197/301 (65.4) | 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury requiring RRT | 78/400 (19.5) | 83/301 (27.6) | 0.01 |
ICU=intensive care unit; IQR=interquartile range; mSOFA=modified sequential organ Failure assessment score; RRT=renal replacement therapy; SD=standard deviation.
*
Denominator differs in variables for smoking and body mass index because of missing data for these specific variables (listed in supplementary appendix).
†
Definitions of coexisting conditions are provided in supplementary appendix.
‡
Before cardiac arrest.
§
Defined as newly diagnosed left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% on echocardiogram.