The content is available as a PDF (242.4 KB).
Electronic supplementary material
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts’ Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review
Author Contributions
Clarke M, Jin RJ and Guo Y designed the study. Li YX, Li J and Zhang YG drafted the manuscript. Tian YP and Zhang Y searched the literature. Li YX, Tian YP and Zhang Y analyzed the data. Li YX, Li J and Zhang Y contribute equally to this work.
All authors approved the manuscript.
Footnotes
Supported by Education Fund of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The funder has no role in developing this article.
Contributor Information
Rong-jiang Jin, Email: cdzyydxjrj@126.com.
Yan Guo, Email: guoyan0314@126.com.
Mike Clarke, Email: m.clarke@qub.ac.uk.
References
- 1.Munster VJ, Koopmans M, van Doremalen N, et al. A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China-Key Questions for Impact Assessment. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:692–694.. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2000929. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Zhou T, Liu Q, Yang Z, et al. Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV. J Evid Based Med (Chin) 2020;13:3–7.. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12376. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323:1239–1242.. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497–506.. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Hu K, Guan WJ, Bi Y, et al. Phytomedicine. 2020. Efficacy and safety of Lianhuaqingwen capsules, a repurposed Chinese herb, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial; p. 153242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Wang SX, Wang Y, Lu YB, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2020;18:275–283.. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Ren JL, Zhang AH, Wang XJ. Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment. Pharmacol Res. 2020;155:104743.. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Luo E, Zhang D, Luo H, et al. Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Chin Med. 2020;15:34.. doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00317-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Chin J Epidemiol (Chin) 2020;41:145–151.. [Google Scholar]
- 10.National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnosis and treatment guideline of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Edition 7). China 2020. Available at: http://ghs.satcm.gov.cn/gongzuodongtai/2020-03-20/14089.html.
- 11.Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535.. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Li Y, Li J, Zhong D, et al. Clinical practice guidelines and experts' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2020;9:170.. doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Altman DG. Practical Statistic for Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall; 1990. [Google Scholar]
- 14.Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, et al. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting, and evaluation in health care. Prev Med. 2010;51:421–424.. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.08.005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Chen Y, Yang K, Marušic A, et al. A reporting tool for practice guidelines in health care: the RIGHT statement. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:128–132.. doi: 10.7326/M16-1565. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16.Simancas-Racines D, Montero-Oleas N, Vernooij RWM, et al. Quality of clinical practice guidelines about red blood cell transfusion. J Evid Based Med. 2019;12:113–124.. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12330. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) Mil Med Res. 2020;7:4.. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Health Commission of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus by traditional Chinese medicine in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. 2020. Available at: http://wjw.wulanchabu.gov.cn/information/wlcb_wjw52/msg22733261755.html.
- 19.Health Commission of Jiangsu Province. Traditional Chinese medicine differentiation and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangsu Province (Trial version 3) Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020;52:1–2.. [Google Scholar]
- 20.Military Medical Expert Group on the Front-line. Diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 from military medical team supporting Wuhan (Trial Version 2) Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis. 2020;43:414–420.. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200315-00338. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Expert Team. Anhui Province expert consensus of new coronavirus pneumonia Chinese medicine treatment 2020. Available at: http://ahszyyxh.cn/news/shownews.php?lang=cn&id=431.
- 22.Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Suggested prescription of traditional Chinese medicine intervention for pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in Sichuan Province (1st Ed). 2020. Available at: http://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/12771/2020/1/25/0d37953ca2534d5382ba744e81725469.shtml.
- 23.Health Commission of Shandong province. Shandong Province new coronavirus pneumonia TCM diagnosis and treatment plan (2nd Ed). Available at: 2020. http://wsjkw.shandong.gov.cn/wzxxgk/zfxxgk/gknr/tzwj/202003/t20200317_3315749.html.
- 24.Health Commission of Shanghai and Shanghai Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai novel coronavirus pneumonia TCM diagnosis and treatment plan (Trial Second Edition). 2020. Available at: http://wsjkw.sh.gov.cn/zyygz2/20200224/a1f1aab9745e4490867cb4aaf40eaad0.html.
- 25.Health Commission of Hebei and Hebei Administration of TCM. TCM diagnosis and treatment plan of new coronavirus pneumonia in Hebei Province (Trial 2nd Ed). 2020. Available at: http://wsjkw.hebei.gov.cn/index.do?id=396244&templet=content&cid=202.
- 26.J M, Y B, H S, et al. Tianjin J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. TCM diagnosis and treatment for novel coronavirus pneumonia of Tianjin Province. [Google Scholar]
- 27.Health Commission of Liaoning Province. Treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus in Liaoning Province (Trial 2nd version). 2020. Available at: http://www.tieling.gov.cn/eportal/ui?pageId=195783&articleKey=882985&columnId=864756.
- 28.Expert Group of Children's Pneumonia Collaborative Innovation Community of Chinese Medical Association, Expert group of Key Diseases in Pediatric Base of National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Experts interpretation of traditional Chinese medicine treatment in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of corona virus disease 2019 in children: experts' consensus statement (Version 1). Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1546.R.20200302.1751.006.html.
- 29.Jiang Y, Lu X, Jin R, et al. Expert consensus on the diagnosis of novel coronavirus infections in children (2nd Ed) Chin J Appl Clin Pediatr (Chin) 2020;35:143–150. [Google Scholar]
- 30.Hunan Administration of TCM. TCM diagnosis and treatment scheme of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in Hunan Province (Trial Version 3). 2020. Available at: http://tcm.hunan.gov.cn/tcm/xxgk/tzgg/202002/t20200203_11168981.html.
- 31.Hu Z. Expert consensus on prevention and rehabilitation of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in cancer patients in Hubei Province. Herald Med 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1293.r.20200305.1155.004.html.
- 32.Li Y, Shi H. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly. J Chin Physic (Chin) 2020;22:161–165.. [Google Scholar]
- 33.Pulmonary Disease Special Committee of Beijing Society of TCM. Expert guidance on the comprehensive intervention plan of TCM for the recovery of new coronavirus pneumonia (draft). Beijing J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5635.r.20200221.1334.002.html.
- 34.Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Association of Chest Physicians. Guide for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1187175.htm. [DOI] [PubMed]
- 35.Health Commission of Taiyuan city. Guidelines for the prevention of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus in Taiyuan City. 2020. Available at: http://wjw.taiyuan.gov.cn/doc/2020/02/01/954877.shtml
- 36.Health Commission of Henan Province. Novel coronavirus infection pneumonia prevention plan of Chinese Medicine in Henan Province. 2020. Available at: http://www.tcm.gov.cn/hydt/1700.htm.
- 37.Health Commission of Shandong province. Chinese Medicine Prevention Program for Pneumonia of Influenza and New Coronavirus Infections in Winter and Spring in Shandong Province in 2020. 2020. Available at: http://www.sdtcm.net/show-6-6531-1.html.
- 38.Health Commission of Yunnan Province. TCM program for prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Yunnan Province (Trial 2nd Ed). 2020. Available at: http://www.pbh.yn.gov.cn/wjwWebsite/web/doc/UU158140615448559052.
- 39.Health Commission of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region by TCM. 2020. Available at: http://www.xjbs.com.cn/zphd/2020-02/01/cms2223565article.shtml.
- 40.Administration of TCM of Tibet Autonomous Region. Tibetan medicine program for prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus infection in Tibet Autonomous Region (Trial 1st Ed). 2020. Available at: http://ex.chinadaily.com.cn/exchange/partners/82/rss/channel/cn/columns/j3u3t6/stories/WS5e2f9dfca3107bb6b579bed2.html.
- 41.Health Commission of Qinghai Province. TCM prevention and treatment for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Qinghai Province (Trial 2nd Ed). 2020. Available at: http://wsjkw.qinghai.gov.cn/zwgk/xxgkml/zcyy/2020/02/25/1582597802814.html.
- 42.Health Commission of Nanjing city. TCM prevention and treatment for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Nanjing City (Trial Implementation) Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020;524:9–10.. [Google Scholar]
- 43.Guangdong Institute of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine. Expert consensus on prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in guangdong with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (trial version 1). World Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5529.r.20200311.1453.014.html.
- 44.Administration of TCM of Guizhou Province. Guizhou novel coronavirus pneumonia reference scheme for Chinese medicine prevention and control (2nd Edition). 2020. Available at: http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/2020-02/19/c_1125595451.htm.
- 45.Health Commission of Hainan Province. Prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus infection in Hainan Province with TCM. 2020. Available at: http://www.hainan.gov.cn/hainan/5309/202002/fdea098b24fa4499bb9c1b1a46ebafc1.shtml.
- 46.Ba Y, Li X, Min X, et al. Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and treatment plan of Chinese medicine (Third Edition). Hubei J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1189.R.20200302.1503.003.html.
- 47.Chen G, Liu Y. TCM diagnosis and treatment plan and prevention plan of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and technology. Herald Med 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1293.r.20200211.1104.002.html.
- 48.The prevention and treatment of TCM of Hubei Hospital of TCM. The People's Government of Zaoyang; 2020. Available at: http://www.zyzf.gov.cn/xwzx/gjj/202001/t20200125_2017327.shtml
- 49.Professional Commission of geriatric medicine of Hubei society of TCM. Expert consensus on prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the elderly (First Edition). Hubei J Tradit Chin Med (Chin). 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1189.r.20200228.1123.002.html.
- 50.Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province. Prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus in Heilongjiang Province (2nd Ed). 2020. Available at: https://m.dbw.cn/heilongjiang/system/2020/02/02/058330150.shtml.
- 51.Jiangxi TCM Treatment Expert. TCM prevention and treatment program of new coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangxi Province. 2020. Available at: http://www.jxhfpc.gov.cn/doc/2020/01/25/137657.shtml}
- 52.Administration of TCM of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Trial). 2020. Available at: http://wsjkw.nx.gov.cn/info/1040/13360.htm}
- 53.Tianjin TCM Expert Group. Prevention and treatment program of TCM for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Tianjin (Trial Third Edition). 2020. Available at: http://www.tjdl.gov.cn/zwgk/system/2020/01/27/004044626.shtml}
- 54.Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment program for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Beijing (Trial Version 4). Beijing J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5635.R.20200316.1713.004.html.
- 55.Health Commission of Gansu Province. Prevention and treatment of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection in Gansu Province (Trial 2nd Ed). 2020. Available at: http://wsjk.gansu.gov.cn/single/10991/83576.html.
- 56.Zou B, Li M, Fan T, et al. Summary of experience in the treatment of severe COVID-19 with TCM and suggestions on treatment plan. J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2166.r.20200402.1149.002.html.
- 57.Health Commission of Shaanxi province. TCM Treatment for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Shaanxi Province (Trial 2nd Edition). 2020. Available at: http://sxwjw.shaanxi.gov.cn/art/2020/2/2/art_10_67602.html.
- 58.Lin L, Chen Y, Tan Y, et al. TCM treatment plan for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Guangdong Province (Trial version 2). J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2166.R.20200302.0930.004.html.
- 59.Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with Chinese medicine (Trial). 2020. Available at: http://www.gxyz120.com/show.php?contentid=2410.
- 60.Health Commission of Jilin Province. Treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jilin province by TCM (First Edition). 2020. Available at: http://www.jl.gov.cn/szfzt/jlzxd/tzgg/202001/t20200126_6654831.html.
- 61.Xue B. How does Qingfei Paidu Decoction work quickly and effectively 2020 Available from: http://www.satcm.gov.cn/xinxifabu/meitibaodao/2020-03-01/13529.html.
- 62.Yu P, Li Y, Wan S, et al. Clinical observation of therapeutic effect of Lianhua Qingwen Granule combined with abidor on mild coronavirus pneumonia. Chin Pharm J (Chin) 2020. Available at: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2162.R.20200422.1429.002.html.
- 63.Lv R, Wang W, li X. Clinical observation on 63 suspected cases of coronavirus pneumonia treated by Lianhua Qingwen Granule Combined with Western medicine conventional therapy. J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020;61:655–659.. [Google Scholar]
- 64.Cheng D, Wang W, Li Y, et al. Tianjin J Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2020. Efficacy analysis of 51 COVID-19 patients treated with Chinese medicine Lianhua Qingwen: a multicenter retrospective study; pp. 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- 65.Liu M, Gao Y, Yuan Y, et al. Pharmacol Res. 2020. Efficacy and safety of integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis; p. 104896. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 66.Wang R, Yang S, Xie C, et al. Clinical observation of Qingfeipaidu Decoction in the treatment of COVID-19. Pharm Clin Chin Mater Med (Chin) 2020;36:13–18.. [Google Scholar]
- 67.Luo E, Zhang D, Luo H, et al. Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Chin Med. 2020;15:34.. doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00317-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 68.Ye Y, The G-CHAMPS Collaborative Group Guideline-based Chinese herbal medicine treatment plus standard care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (G-CHAMPS): evidence from China. Front Med. 2020;7:256.. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00256. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 69.Li Y, Liu X, Guo L, et al. CHM for treating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: protocol for a systematic review and metaanalysis. System Rev. 2020;9:75.. doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01343-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 70.Wu D, Jiang W, Yu L, et al. Quality assessment of clinical practice guidelines for infectious diseases in China. J Evid Based Med (Chin) 2018;11:95–100.. doi: 10.1111/jebm.12293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 71.Ang L, Lee HW, Choi JY, et al. Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines. Integr Med Res. 2020;9:100407.. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 72.Ang L, Lee HW, Kim A, et al. Herbal medicine for treatment of children diagnosed with COVID-19: a review of guidelines. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101174.. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts’ Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review