. 2020 Sep 10;12(9):2766. doi: 10.3390/nu12092766

Table 4.

The effect of Aronia melanocarpa L. berry extract (AE) on the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the serum of rats treated with cadmium (Cd) ^1,2.

Group	Experiment Duration
Group	3 Months	10 Months	17 Months	24 Months
MMP-1 (ng/mL)
Control	12.94 ± 0.223	12.20 ± 0.196	14.58 ± 0.410	15.66 ± 0.563
AE	13.18 ± 0.481	12.14 ± 0.171	14.12 ± 0.349	16.39 ± 1.128
Cd₁	12.21 ± 0.455	12.50 ± 0.141	16.04 ± 0.564 *	14.91 ± 0.626 **
Cd₁ + AE	12.11 ± 0.737	11.57 ± 0.533	14.53 ± 0.404 ^†	15.29 ± 0.841
Cd₅	12.95 ± 0.229	10.85 ± 0.501	16.35 ± 0.351 **^,‡	18.54 ± 0.370 **^,##
Cd₅ + AE	12.58 ± 0.197	12.09 ± 0.282	14.27 ± 0.504 ^††	15.38 ± 0.355 ^††
MMP-2 (ng/mL)
Control	10.36 ± 0.452	8.368 ± 0.372	11.89 ± 0.486	11.25 ± 0.363
AE	12.81 ± 0.654	9.088 ± 0.579	15.36 ± 1.098	12.59 ± 0.764
Cd₁	10.96 ± 0.663	10.07 ± 0.572	15.38 ± 0.590	15.77 ± 0.725 ^**
Cd₁ + AE	13.03 ± 0.513	9.698 ± 1.1391	14.17 ± 0.558	13.16 ± 0.679
Cd₅	11.43 ± 0.646	10.48 ± 0.409	23.43 ± 1.841 ***^,##	16.31 ± 0.561 ***
Cd₅ + AE	11.15 ± 1.027	8.704 ± 0.645	12.56 ± 1.071 ^†††	10.81 ± 0.929 ^††,#

¹ The animals were treated with Cd at the concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg Cd/kg in their diets and/or 0.1% aqueous AE. ² Data are shown as mean ± SE for eight rats, except for seven animals in the AE, Cd₁, and Cd₅ groups after 24 months. Statistically significant differences (Kruskal–Wallis post hoc test): * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ^† p < 0.05, ^†† p < 0.01, and ^††† p < 0.001 vs. appropriate Cd group; ^‡ p < 0.05 vs. AE group; ^# p < 0.05 and ^## p < 0.01 vs. appropriate group given the 1 mg Cd/kg diet (Cd₁ group or Cd₁ + AE group).