Figure 3.

Effects of all HPE extracts on CB1 and CB2 mRNA expression level in human primary FLSs. After 24 h treatment with 0.1 mg/mL of Harpagophytum procumbens root extract (HPE) dissolved in deionized water (HPE_H2O), DMSO (HPE_DMSO), 100% v/v EtOH (HPE_EtOH100), and 50% v/v EtOH (HPE_EtOH50), cells were harvested and mRNA was extracted and analyzed by RT-PCR. CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA levels were reported as relative mRNA expression level with respect to 18S mRNA (2^−ΔΔCt method). Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. of data obtained by three different experiments. Statistical significance was * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.