Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for liver cancer according to tertile of acrylamide intake by gender.
| Quartile of Energy-Adjusted Acrylamide Intake | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 μg/d | Tertile 1 (Lowest) | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 (Highest) | ||||||
| HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | p for Trend | |
| Men | |||||||||
| Number of subjects | 39,996 | 16,417 | 12,669 | 10,910 | |||||
| Person-years | 569,415 | 231,895 | 181,770 | 155,751 | |||||
| Number of liver cancers | 530 | 237 | 175 | 118 | |||||
| Age- and area-adjusted model a | 0.95 | (0.93–0.98) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 0.91 | (0.74–1.10) | 0.71 | (0.57–0.89) | <0.01 |
| Multivariable model 1 b | 0.96 | (0.93–0.99) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 0.94 | (0.77–1.14) | 0.78 | (0.62–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Multivariable model 2 c | 0.99 | (0.96–1.02) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.05 | (0.85–1.29) | 1.15 | (0.88–1.50) | 0.31 |
| Women | |||||||||
| Number of subjects | 45,309 | 12,018 | 15,766 | 17,525 | |||||
| Person-years | 698,376 | 185,307 | 243,407 | 269,662 | |||||
| Number of liver cancers | 214 | 74 | 73 | 67 | |||||
| Age- and area-adjusted model a | 0.97 | (0.93–1.00) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 0.81 | (0.59–1.13) | 0.78 | (0.56–1.10) | 0.16 |
| Multivariable model 1 b | 0.97 | (0.94–1.01) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 0.76 | (0.55–1.06) | 0.77 | (0.54–1.08) | 0.14 |
| Multivariable model 2 c | 0.98 | (0.95–1.02) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 0.83 | (0.59–1.17) | 0.92 | (0.63–1.32) | 0.65 |
Abbreviations: 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals. a Age- and area-adjusted model adjusted for age (5-year age intervals) and area. b Multivariable model 1 additionally adjusted for: smoking status (never, former, current, missing), intake of alcohol (nondrinker, <150, ≥150 g/week), body mass index (14−<19, 19−<21, 21−<23, 23−<25, 25−<27, 27−<30, 30–40 kg/m2, missing), physical activity (quartile, missing), history of diabetes (yes/no), and history of hepatitis (yes/no). c Multivariable model 2 additionally adjusted for: multivariable model 1 and coffee consumption (nondrinker, quintiles).