Table 1.
General characteristics of the subjects by tertiles of stress levels.
| Variables | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (Lowest) | T2 (Intermediate) | T3 (Highest) | T1 (Lowest) | T2 (Intermediate) | T3 (Highest) | |||
| (n = 15,562) | (n =12,637) | (n = 14,746) | p-Trend | (n = 28,227) | (n = 28,132) | (n = 26,975) | p-Trend | |
| Stress levels (score) | 7.9 ± 0.03 | 13.7 ± 0.01 | 23.0 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 | 8.9 ± 0.02 | 15.7 ± 0.01 | 26.1 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 52.0 ± 0.06 | 51.4 ± 0.06 | 51.3 ± 0.06 | <0.0001 | 51.0 ± 0.04 | 50.9 ± 0.04 | 51.2 ± 0.04 | 0.020 |
| Height (cm) | 168.9 ± 0.05 | 169.0 ± 0.05 | 168.7 ± 0.05 | <0.0001 | 156.7 ± 0.03 | 156.6 ± 0.03 | 156.2 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 0.07 | 70.1 ± 0.08 | 69.5 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 | 58.1 ± 0.04 | 58.1 ± 0.05 | 58.1 ± 0.05 | 0.927 |
| Waist circumstance (cm) | 86.1 ± 0.06 | 85.7 ± 0.07 | 85.6 ± 0.06 | <0.0001 | 78.4 ± 0.05 | 78.4 ± 0.05 | 78.9 ± 0.05 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 0.02 | 24.5 ± 0.02 | 24.4 ± 0.02 | <0.0001 | 23.6 ± 0.02 | 23.7 ± 0.02 | 23.8 ± 0.02 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126.0 ± 0.12 | 125.9 ± 0.13 | 125.7 ± 0.12 | 0.241 | 120.8 ± 0.09 | 120.4 ± 0.09 | 120.7 ± 0.10 | 0.276 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3 ± 0.08 | 79.2 ± 0.09 | 79.8 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 | 75.0 ± 0.06 | 74.9 ± 0.06 | 75.3 ± 0.06 | 0.0004 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 |
| HBA1c (%) | 5.7 ± 0.01 | 5.7 ± 0.01 | 5.8 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 | 5.6 ± 0.01 | 5.7 ± 0.01 | 5.7 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 98.9 ± 0.19 | 99.2 ± 0.21 | 100.2 ± 0.22 | <0.0001 | 92.5 ± 0.11 | 92.8 ± 0.11 | 93.4 ± 0.13 | <0.0001 |
| Current drinker (%) | 11,600 (74.6) | 9700 (76.8) | 11,133 (75.6) | 0.001 | 9351 (33.2) | 9241 (32.9) | 9475 (35.2) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 4871 (31.3) | 4388 (34.8) | 5895 (40.0) | <0.0001 | 472 (1.7) | 604 (2.2) | 934 (3.5) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate exercise (%) | 9167 (59.0) | 6857 (54.3) | 6786 (46.1) | <0.0001 | 15,384 (54.6) | 13,909 (49.5) | 11,019 (40.9) | <0.0001 |
| Education (≥high school, %) | 11,971 (77.6) | 9889 (78.9) | 10,490 (71.8) | <0.0001 | 18,570 (66.3) | 17,807 (63.9) | 14,689 (55.1) | <0.0001 |
| Monthly income (≥2 million KRW, %) | 10,596 (77.3) | 8632 (77.7) | 8425 (69.6) | <0.0001 | 17,408 (71.2) | 16,362 (69.6) | 12,627 (60.2) | <0.0001 |
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; hs-CRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; KRW, Korean won. Values are expressed as means (SE) or percentage. The p-trend was obtained in general linear model analysis and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel analysis, with adjustment for age.