Table 4.

Descriptive characteristics of the clusters (CLU) of EsNuPI children by lifestyle and sociodemographic factors in SRS and AMS (dietary factors differed significantly across the clusters).

SRS 1 to <3 years

AMS 1 to <3 years

CLU3 (n = 108)

CLU1 (n = 45)

CLU2 (n = 17)

p-Value

CLU3 (n = 155)

CLU 1 (n = 55)

CLU2 (n = 92)

p-Value

EE-MVPA

176 ± 152

370 ± 313

268 ± 197

<0.001

182 ± 145

228 ± 188

328 ± 247

<0.001

PAL

1.59 ± 0.31

1.51 ± 0.32

1.58 ± 0.29

0.341

1.57 ± 0.32

1.59 ± 0.27

1.44 ± 0.25

0.002

Education

0.283

<0.001

Low

32

−29.60%

9

−20.00%

5

−29.40%

47

−30.30%

4

−7.27%

5

−5.43%

Medium

37

−34.30%

16

−35.60%

9

−52.90%

61

−39.40%

34

−61.80%

24

−26.10%

High

39

−36.10%

20

−44.40%

3

−17.60%

47

−30.30%

17

−30.90%

63

−68.50%

Household Income

0.849

.

<0.001

Low

17

−15.70%

5

−11.10%

1

−5.88%

21

−13.50%

3

−5.45%

2

−2.17%

Mid-low

14

−13.00%

8

−17.80%

4

−23.50%

12

−7.74%

5

−9.09%

10

−10.90%

High

46

−42.60%

20

−44.40%

8

−47.10%

82

−52.90%

36

−65.50%

42

−45.70%

DK/REF

31

−28.70%

12

−26.70%

4

−23.50%

40

−25.80%

11

−20.00%

38

−41.30%

Z-BMI-for-age

2.28 ± 0.62

2.42 ± 0.54

2.65 ± 0.49

0.04

2.41 ± 0.60

2.33 ± 0.51

2.37 ± 0.61

0.675

SRS 3 to <6 years

AMS 3 to <6 years

CLU1 (n = 142)

CLU3 (n = 76)

CLU2 (n = 38)

p-Value

CLU1 (n = 116)

CLU2 (n = 99)

CLU3 (n = 62)

p-Value

EE MVPA

372 ± 249

447 ± 233

356 ± 191

0.053

318 ± 186

387 ± 209

382 ± 185

0.017

PAL

1.6 ± 0.21

1.52 ± 0.22

1.49 ± 0.25

0.006

1.49 ± 0.22

1.56 ± 0.21

1.57 ± 0.23

0.014

Education

0.139

0.063

Low

33

−23.20%

10

−13.20%

4

−10.50%

17

−14.70%

24

−24.20%

6

−9.68%

Medium

59

−41.50%

41

−53.90%

17

−44.70%

52

−44.80%

45

−45.50%

26

−41.90%

High

50

−35.20%

25

−32.90%

17

−44.70%

47

−40.50%

30

−30.30%

30

−48.40%

Household Income

<0.001

0.168

Low

11

−7.75%

4

−5.26%

1

−2.63%

12

−10.30%

6

−6.06%

7

−11.30%

Mid-low

19

−13.40%

18

−23.70%

5

−13.20%

11

−9.48%

13

−13.10%

12

−19.40%

High

63

−44.40%

43

−56.60%

28

−73.70%

62

−53.40%

43

−43.40%

29

−46.80%

DK/REF

49

−34.50%

11

−14.50%

4

−10.50%

31

−26.70%

37

−37.40%

14

−22.60%

Z-BMI-for-age

2.36 ± 0.59

2.21 ± 0.50

2.29 ± 0.46

0.158

2.23 ± 0.57

2.24 ± 0.52

2.11 ± 0.48

0.266

SRS 6 to <10 years

AMS 6 to <10 years

CLU2 (n = 45)

CLU1 (n = 95)

CLU3 (n = 175)

p-Value

CLU1 (n = 110)

CLU3 (n = 52)

CLU2 (n = 31)

p-Value

EE MVPA

352 ± 173

474 ± 276

555 ± 320

<0.001

484 ± 322

619 ± 347

644 ± 410

0.016

PAL

1.61 ± 0.21

1.55 ± 0.23

1.61 ± 0.21

0.051

1.58 ± 0.20

1.58 ± 0.17

1.75 ± 0.22

<0.001

Education

<0.001

0.01

Low

34

−75.60%

15

−15.80%

22

−12.60%

21

−19.10%

14

−26.90%

5

−16.10%

Medium

8

−17.80%

51

−53.70%

89

−50.90%

39

−35.50%

29

−55.80%

16

−51.60%

High

3

−6.67%

29

−30.50%

64

−36.60%

50

−45.50%

9

−17.30%

10

−32.30%

Household Income

<0.001

0.387

Low

25

−55.60%

6

−6.32%

1

−0.57%

11

−10.00%

6

−11.50%

1

−3.23%

Mid-low

5

−11.10%

12

−12.60%

21

−12.00%

18

−16.40%

10

−19.20%

7

−22.60%

High

11

−24.40%

51

−53.70%

96

−54.90%

49

−44.50%

25

−48.10%

19

−61.30%

DK/REF

4

−8.89%

26

−27.40%

57

−32.60%

32

−29.10%

11

−21.20%

4

−12.90%

Z-BMI-for-age

2.42 ± 0.50

2.24 ± 0.61

2.29 ± 0.55

0.208

2.3 ± 0.57

2.42 ± 0.50

1.97 ± 0.60

0.002

Data are expressed as n and % or mean (X) ± standard deviation. Parental education and household income are expressed as percentage and number of subjects. Statistically significant differences were calculated using chi-squared test or Kruskal–Wallis test, where appropriate. Abbreviations: EE MVPA, energy expenditure moderate and vigorous physical activity; PAL, physical activity level; Z-BMI-for-age, body mass index for age z-score.