Table 3.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident hypertension with absolute weight change patterns across adulthood a.
| Weight Change Patterns | Incident Hypertension n/(Person-Years) |
Model 1 b | Model 2 c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Weight loss ≥ 2.5 kg (ref) | 153/7914 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Weight change within 2.5 kg | 574/36,666 | 0.71 (0.54, 0.92) | 0.010 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.868 |
| 2.5 kg ≤ Weight gain < 10 kg | 920/45,218 | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 0.886 | 1.46 (1.14, 1.87) | 0.003 |
| 10 kg ≤ Weight gain < 20 kg | 851/27,153 | 1.49 (1.19, 1.87) | <0.001 | 2.09 (1.67, 2.60) | <0.001 |
| Weight gain ≥ 20 kg | 679/15,689 | 2.02 (1.56, 2.61) | <0.001 | 2.64 (2.07, 3.37) | <0.001 |
| P for Trend d | 1.35 (1.30, 1.40) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.31, 1.41) | <0.001 |
a All estimates accounted for complex survey designs. b Model 1: adjusted for sex, baseline age, race/ethnicity. c Model 2: additionally adjusted for family income, education, smoking status, and BMI at 25 years. d For the test of trend, we calculated the association with incident hypertension by treating the categories of weight change patterns as ordinal variables.